Notes: Argues that TJ was not a deist or atheist despite attacks on him; he believed in the "over ruling providence of God" and in religious freedom.

Reference: 2251

Notes: TJ because of his optimistic view of man, was a heretic and idolater, a Gnostic, a Pelagian, and a Manichean, whose dislike of law let men unrestrained by tradition or law prey on their fellow citizens. Comments on this article by E. Harris Harbison, Leonard J. Trinterud, and Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. on pp. 13-20, rebuttal on pp. 126-27.

Reference: 2252

Notes: Focuses on TJ's belief in general moral instinct as basis for faith in men's ability to govern themselves.

Reference: 2253

Notes: Argues that utilitarianism is "the guide to Jefferson's ideas. He believed the purpose of government was to improve the character of the governed.... (not) to maintain order so that there could be the widest possible expression of private interests."

Reference: 2254

Notes: Finds a threefold development in TJ's economic thought: a first period dominated by agrarianism, the second by a belief in laissez faire, and after 1805 he "proposed measures that were consistent with the objectives established by Hamilton, though his methods differed from those of Hamilton in revealing a greater concern with constitutional legitimacy."

Reference: 2255

Notes: TJ as an Enlightenment thinker, humanist, revolutionary.

Reference: 2256

Notes: Argues that the self-evident truths of the Declaration supply an egalitarian ideology of political legitimacy which has had a continuing appeal because of the middle class orientation of the United States.

Reference: 2257

Notes: TJ cannot be understood apart from the agrarian tradition which he, above all the other founding fathers, bequeathed the nation. His ideas come not from the physiocrats but from Locke's Second Treatise and from Adam Smith.

Reference: 2258

Notes: The first chapter, "The Jeffersonian Ideal," explores TJ's combination of agrarianism and democracy which forms the basis of American democratic society.

Reference: 2259

Notes: Presents TJ as a democratic thinker who speaks to the needs of the present—anti-totalitarian, egalitarian, moral, anti-centralist. See the editors' comments on p. 79, "Griswold's Jefferson," qualifying TJ for the Fortune reader.

Reference: 2260

Notes: TJ's legal and historical studies led him to the conclusion that the union of church and state was politically unsound.

Reference: 2377

Notes: Deals briefly with TJ's Summary View and Notes on the State of Virginia and with the press and pamphlet wars of the 1790's. Not unintelligent, but dated.

Reference: 2378

Notes: Contends that "by joining actuality with philosophy in the threads of his many-faceted materialism, Jefferson united what Santayana termed the two halves of the American mind, the hereditary and the practical." Relies on Koch and Stuart G. Brown, but suggestive.

Reference: 2379

Reference: 2380

Notes: TJ believed in salvation by education" and in religious democracy.

Reference: 2381

Notes: On Wythe and TJ; contends their legal education, teaching them that decisions were to be made in terms of the abstract conditions of the law "without respect to persons," blinded them to the nature of slavery and of slaves as persons.

Reference: 2382

George
Title: "Humanism in the Virginia Colony: Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence" in The Quest of American Life

Publication: Univ. of Colorado Studies. Series B. Studies in the Humanities.
Volume: Vol. 2, No. 3.
Publisher: Univ. of Colorado
City: Boulder
Date: 1945
Pages: 75-92

Notes: Conventional generalities.

Reference: 2383

2384

---

Name: Northrop , F. S. C.
Title: "The Declaration of Independence"

Publication: The Meeting of East and West.
Publisher: Macmillan
City: New York
Date: 1946
Pages: 70-102

Notes: Philosophical background, mostly Lockean, of the Declaration; better on Locke than on TJ.

Reference: 2384

2385

---

Name: Northrop , F. S. C.
Title: "Jefferson's Conception of the Role of Science in World History."

Publication: Cahiers d'Histoire Mondiale
Volume: 9
Date: (1966)
Pages: 891-911

Notes: Suggestive exploration of the connections and distinctions between the principles of mathematical physics and those of contractual law.

Reference: 2385

2386

---

Name: Nye , Russel B.
Title: "Jeffersonian Democracy"

Publication: Main Problems in American History, ed. Howard H. Quint, Dean Albertson, and Milton Cantor
Publisher: Dorsey Press
City: Homewood, Ill.
Date: 1964
Pages: 126-35

Notes: Sketches TJ's pragmatic evolution of a theory of government; revised edition, 1968.

Reference: 2386

2387

---

Name: Anonymous none
Title: "On the Breeding of Kings."

Publication: International Socialist Review
Volume: 17
Date: (1917)
Pages: 597

Notes: Letter from TJ, March 5, 1810, describing the degenerate state of European royalty. No notes or comment.

Reference: 2387

2388

---

Name: Ostrander , Gilman M.
Title: "Jefferson and Scottish Culture."

Publication: Historical Reflections
Volume: 5
Date: (1978)
Pages: 233-48

Notes: Contrasts TJ's admiration for the thought of the Scottish Enlightenment to his vigorous disapproval of Scotch-Irish Presbyterianism in Virginia; he never thought of Scottish learning as distinctively Scottish.

Reference: 2388

2389

---

Name: Ostrander , Gilman M.
Title: "Lord Kames and American Revolutionary Culture"

Publication: Essays in Honor of Russel B. Nye, ed. Joseph Waldmeir
Publisher: Michigan State Univ. Press
City: East Lansing
Date: 1978
Pages: 168-79

Notes: Argues in rather general terms for the importance to TJ of Kames's Essays on Morality and Natural Religion.

Reference: 2389

2390

---

Name: Ostrander , Gilman M.
Title: "New Lost Worlds of Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Reviews in American History
Volume: 7
Date: (1979)
Pages: 183-88

Notes: Review essay of books on TJ's philosophy; praises Garry Wills' emphasis on the importance of the Scottish Enlightenment but points out this is hardly the new idea Wills thinks it is.

Reference: 2390

2391

---

Name: Owsley , Frank L.
Title: "Two Agrarian Philosophers: Jefferson and DuPont de Nemours."

Publication: Hound & Horn
Volume: 6
Date: (1932)
Pages: 166-72

Notes: Review essay emphasizes TJ as a southern thinker and contends his "whole national outlook changed after the Missouri controversy."

Reference: 2391

2392

---

Name: Padover , Saul K.
Title: "Introduction"

Publication: Democracy By Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: Appleton-Century
City: New York
Date: 1939
Pages: 1-20

Notes: TJ's thoughts on democracy are based on his belief in personal liberty.

Reference: 2392

2393

---

Name: Padover , Saul K.
Title: Thomas Jefferson and the Foundations of American Freedom

Publisher: D. Van Nostrand
City: Princeton
Date: 1965
Pages: pp. 191

Notes: Seventy page introduction to TJ's life and leading ideas about politics and society, followed by selected readings.

Reference: 2393

2394

---

Name: Palmer , R. R.
Title: "A Neglected Work: Otto Vossler on Jefferson and the Revolutionary Era."

Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 12
Date: (1955)
Pages: 462-71

Notes: Abstract of Vossler's Die Amerikanischen Revolutionsideale; see item #2055.

Reference: 2394

2395

---

Name: Pancake , John S.
Title: Thomas Jefferson: Revolutionary Philosopher, A Selection of Writings

Publisher: Barron's Educational Series
City: Woodbury, N.Y.
Date: 1976
Pages: pp. 346

Notes: Introductory biographical sketch and separate introductions to sections illustrating TJ's views on a wide variety of topics: economics religion, education, diplomacy, slavery, Indians, etc.

Reference: 2395

2396

---

Name: Parkes , Henry Bamford
Title: "Jeffersonian Democracy "

Publication: Symposium
Volume: 4
Date: 1933
Pages: 302-23

Notes: Reconciles TJ's political theories with "communism" if not necessarily with Marxism.

Reference: 2396

2397

---

Name: Parks William
Title: "The Influence of Scottish Sentimentalist Ethical Theory on Thomas Jefferson's Philosophy of Human Nature."

Publication: Ph.D dissertation
Publisher: College of William and Mary
Date: 1975
Pages: pp. 241

Notes: TJ's faith in man's capability for self-government rested on his belief in the moral sense. DAI 36/03A, p. 1585.

Reference: 2397

2398

---

Name: Parks William
Title: "Scottish Sentimentalist Ethics in Jefferson's America"

Publication: Proceedings of the Conference on Scottish Studies
Volume: No.1
Publisher: Old Dominion University
City: Norfolk
Date: 1973
Pages: 31-43

Notes: Argues for the influence of the Scottish philosophers on TJ and his understanding of the moral sense theory.

Reference: 2398

2399

---

Name: Parmelee MaryPlatt
Title: "Jefferson and His Political Philosophy"

Publication: Arena
Volume: 18
Date: 1897
Pages: 505-16

Notes: "This continent has been supremely honored.... If Jefferson's political philosophy was right, then we are right."

Reference: 2399

2400

---

Name: Parrington , Vernon Louis
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, Agrarian Democrat"

Publication: Main Currents in American Thought: The Colonial Mind, 1620-1800
Publisher: Harcourt
City: New York
Date: 1927
Pages: 342-56

Notes: Claims TJ was strongly influenced by the Physiocrats and that he was centrally "concerned about responsive government—that it should faithfully serve the majority will."

Reference: 2400

2401

---

Name: Paschall , G. Spurgeon
Title: "Jefferson and the Baptists."

Publication: The Quarterly Review: A Survey of Southern Baptist Progress
Volume: 15
Date: 1955
Pages: 54-56

Notes: Suggests TJ attended meetings of the Buck Mountain Baptist Church near Monticello; not carefully researched.

Reference: 2401

2402

---

Name: Pearson , Samuel C.
Title: "Nature's God: A Reassessment of the Religion of the Founding Fathers."

Publication: Religion in Life
Volume: 46
Date: (1977)
Pages: 152-65

Notes: Surveys Franklin, Adams, and TJ, who was "unitarian, nationalistic moralistic, anticlerical, and anticonfessional."

Reference: 2402

2403

---

Name: Peebles , James Martin
Title: Magic. One of a series of Lectures with an Addendum of Thomas Jefferson's Religious Convictions.

Publisher: Peebles Publishing House
City: San Francisco
Date: 1895
Pages: pp. 16

Notes: A lecturer on spiritualism praises TJ for freedom from secturianism.

Reference: 2403

2404

---

Name: Peterson , Merrill D.
Title: "The American Scholar: Emerson and Jefferson"

Publication: Thomas Jefferson and the World of Books
Publisher: Library of Congress
City: Washington
Date: 1977
Pages: 23-33

Notes: Compares and contrasts the models of the American scholar offered by TJ, "the scholar as public man," and Emerson, an intellectual in "the modern sociological sense of self-conscious detachment and alienation from the surrounding society." Better on TJ than on Emerson.

Reference: 2404

2405

---

Name: Peterson , Merrill D.
Title: Jefferson's 'Consent of the Governed': Convolutions of a Doctrine. An Address Delivered at Monticello on April 13, 1963

Publisher: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation
City: Charlottesville
Date: 1963
Pages: pp. (17)

Notes: Development of the idea of the consent of the governed; using Lincoln's phrase, argues that government of the people came first, by the people in the mid-19th century, for the people in the 20th century.

Reference: 2405

2406

---

Name: Peterson , Merrill D.
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Sovereignty of the Living Generation."

Publication: VQR
Volume: 52
Date: (1976)
Pages: 437-47

Notes: TJ's proposition that "the earth belongs in usufruct to the living" became after the French Revolution his rationale for sweeping social and political reform.

Reference: 2406

2407

---

Name: Peterson , Merrill D.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Enlightenment: Reflections on Literary Influence."

Publication: Lex et Scientia
Volume: 11
Date: (1975)
Pages: 89-127

Notes: Taking on the question of what the Enlightenment means in America, suggestively examines TJ's reading of Bolingbroke, Montesquieu, and Beccaria, concluding that he resolved whig historicism and legalism into the rationalism and idealism of the Enlightenment.

Reference: 2407

2408

---

Name: Peterson , Merrill D.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the National Purpose."

Publication: Proceedings of the APS
Volume: 105
Date: (1961)
Pages: 517-20

Notes: Contends that a renewed "National Purpose" cannot be founded on old doctrines and symbols of the native political tradition but that Jeffersonian symbol and value are still important in preserving institutions of freedom and self government and in insisting on the moral accountability of actions in the National Interest.

Reference: 2408

2409

---

Name: Phelps , Wiliam Lyon
Title: "As I Like It."

Publication: Scribner's
Volume: 90
Date: (1931)
Pages: 321-23

Notes: Prints a letter of TJ's dated July 3, 1801, and uses it as text for a defense of freedom of speech and religious freedom.

Reference: 2409

2410

---

Name: Plochl , Willibald M.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, Author of The Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom."

Publication: The Jurist
Volume: 3
Date: 1943
Pages: 182-230

Notes: Historical background and account of the passage of the Act for Establishing Religious Freedom. Argues for the basis of the law in a view of natural law as independent of human legislation. TJ believed that society must be based on true moral principles. Rpt. separately, Washington: Catholic Univ. of America, 1943. pp. 51.

Reference: 2410

2411

---

Name: Pollin , Burton R.
Title: "Godwin's Letter to Ogilvie, Friend of Jefferson, and the Federalist Propaganda."

Publication: Journal of the History of Ideas
Volume: 28
Date: (1967)
Pages: 432-44

Notes: Well-researched account of James Ogilvie, who was a correspondent of TJ's and a "conveyor of ideas" between TJ and William Godwin.

Reference: 2411

2412

---

Name: Poole , William Frederick
Title: Anti-Slavery Opinions Before the Year 1800 Read Before the Cincinnati Literary Club November 16, 18 Which is Appended a Fac Simile Reprint of Dr. George Buchanan's Oration on the Moral and Political Evil of Slavery

Publisher: Robert Clarke & Co.
City: Cincinnati
Date: 1873
Pages: pp. 82, 20

Notes: TJ's opinion of the evils of slavery quoted on pp. 25-41; Buchanan's oration was dedicated to TJ.

Reference: 2412

2413

---

Name: Anonymous none
Title: The Pope and the Presbyterians. A Review of the Warnings of Jefferson Respecting the Dangers to Be Apprehended to Our Civil and Religious Liberties From Presbyterianism

Publisher: James M. Campbell
City: Philadelphia
Date: 1845
Pages: pp. 72

Notes: Catholics, not Presbyterians, are the threat to religious freedom; anyway, TJ is no authority on the Presbyterians because he was an infidel. Answer to the pamphlet of Justus Moore; see item #1843.

Reference: 2413

2414

---

Name: Powell , E. P.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and Religion."

Publication: The Open Court
Volume: 10
Date: (1896)
Pages: 4943-45

Notes: The election of 1800 was a victory for the separation of church and state, thanks to TJ's rational religion.

Reference: 2414

2415

---

Name: Prescott , Frederick C.
Title: "Introduction"

Publication: Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson: Representative Selections, With Introduction Bibliography, and Notes
Publisher: American Book Co.
City: New York
Date: 1934
Pages: xi-lxxii

Notes: Traces two strains of thought in TJ, "one theoretical or philosophical, the other more strictly legal."

Reference: 2415

2416

---

Name: Prescott , F. C.
Title: "Jefferson and Bishop Burnet."

Publication: American Literature
Volume: 7
Date: (1935)
Pages: 87

Notes: TJ's letter of June 24, 1826 to Roger C. Weightman draws upon Richard Rumbold's dying speech quoted in Burnet's History of His Own Times.

Reference: 2416

2417

---

Name: Quinn , Patrick F.
Title: "Agrarianism and the Jeffersonian Philosophy."

Publication: Review of Politics
Volume: 2
Date: (1940)
Pages: 87-104

Notes: The agrarian claim to a Jeffersonian tradition is valid, but it is not necessarily true that the American people is basically Jeffersonian as claimed.

Reference: 2417

2418

---

Name: Rager , John C.
Title: "Catholic Sources and the Declaration of Independence."

Publication: Catholic Mind
Volume: 28
Date: 1930
Pages: 253-68

Notes: Supports the Bellarmine/Declaration thesis, claiming the Declaration is an expression of both the American mind and "the Catholic mind, medieval and modern."

Reference: 2418

2419

---

Name: Reid , Bill G.
Title: "The Agrarian Tradition and Urban Problems."

Publication: Midwest Quarterly
Volume: 6
Date: (1964)
Pages: 75-86

Notes: TJ's agrarianism is still deeply rooted in American thinking.

Reference: 2419

2420

---

Name: Remsburg , John E.
Title: The Fathers of Our Republic: Paine, Jefferson, Washington, Franklin. A Lecture Delivered Before the Tenth Annual Congress of the American Secular Union, in Chickering Hall. New York, November 13, 1886

Publisher: J. P. Mendum
City: Boston
Date: 1887
Pages: pp. vi, 45

Notes: TJ as freethinker, the enemy of priestcraft, on pp. 13-22.

Reference: 2420

2421

---

Name: Remsburg , John E.
Title: Jefferson an Unbeliever

Publisher: Published by the Author
City: Atchison, Kan.
Date: 1882
Pages: pp. 12

Notes: TJ as freethinker, anti-clerical and materialist.

Reference: 2421

< /record> 2422

---

Name: Remsburg , John Eleazer
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"

Publication: Six Historic Americans: Paine, Jefferson, Washington, Franklin, Lincoln, Grant, Fathers and Saviors of Our Republic, Freethinkers
Publisher: Truth Seeker Co.
City: New York
Date: 1906
Pages: 65-96

Notes: Revised and expanded version of item #2420.

Reference: 2422

2423

---

Name: Renwick John
Title: "Marmontel on the Government of Virginia (1783)."

Publication: Journal of American Studies
Volume: 1
Date: (1967)
Pages: 181-89

Notes: Transcription of Marmonters mss. "Observations d'un ami des Amereicains sur le Gouvernement de la Virginie." Notes Marmonters views follow TJ's closely but sees coincidence rather than influence.

Reference: 2423

2424

---

Name: Anonymous none
Title: "Reviving a Controversy: To What Extent Bellarmine Influenced Jefferson."

Publication: Extension
Volume: 37
Date: 1942
Pages: 20-21

Notes: Inconclusive.

Reference: 2424

2425

---

Name: Riaume Jean-Marc
Title: "Thomas Jefferson et la frontiere."

Publication: Seminaires 1979 (Talence: Centre de Recherches sur l'Amerique Anglophone, Univ. de Bordeaux III)
Pages: 52-60

Reference: 2425

2426

---

Name: Richardson William D.
Title: "The Possibility of Harmony Between the Races: An Inquiry into the Thought of Jefferson, Toqueville, Lincoln and Melville."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: SUNY at Buffalo
Date: 1979
Pages: pp. 286

Notes: Uses Notes to examine TJ's attitudes to the possibility of racial harmony. DAI 39/12A, p. 1502.

Reference: 2426

2427

---

Name: Riemers Neal
Title: "Revolutionary America: Jefferson's Empire of Liberty"

Publication: The Democratic Experiment: American Political Theory
Publisher: D. Van Nostrand
City: Princeton
Date: 1967
Pages: 1:91-121

Notes: For undergraduates; on the concept of the continuing revolution and the continuing majority.

Reference: 2427

2428

---

Name: Riley , I. Woodbridge
Title: "Virginia and Jefferson"

Publication: American Philosophy: The Early Schools
Publisher: Dodd Mead
City: New York
Date: 1907
Pages: 266-95

Notes: TJ "stood for liberty of thinking for its own sake." In his philosophy he was "more legal than logical," and was most influenced by Locke, Dugald Stewart, Cabanis, Destutt de Tracy. Emphasizes French influence.

Reference: 2428

2429

---

Name: Robbins Caroline
Title: "The Pursuit of Happiness"

Publication: America's Continuing Revolution: An Act of Conservation, ed. Irving Kristol
Publisher: Washington American Enterprise Institute
Date: 1975
Pages: 119-39

Notes: On the 18th-century background of the phrase and what TJ meant by it, arguing that he intended public happiness, not individual, a "satisfaction of the aspirations of the majority."

Reference: 2429

2430

---

Name: Robbins , Jan C.
Title: "Jefferson and the Press: The Resolution of an Antinomy."

Publication: Journalism Quarterly
Volume: 48
Date: (1971)
Pages: 421-30, 465

Notes: Contends that TJ the libertarian defender of free speech and TJ the defender of prosecution of the press are profiles of the same man; both suppression and freedom arise from his belief that the ultimate law of men and nations is self-preservation.

Reference: 2430

2431

---

Name: Rocker Rudolf
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"

Publication: Pioneers of American Freedom: Origin of Liberal and Radical Thought in America.... Translated from the German by Arthur E. Briggs
Publisher: Rocker Publications Committee
City: Los Angeles
Date: 1949
Pages: 12-19

Notes: Slight sketch of TJ as liberal thinker.

Reference: 2431

2432

---

Name: Ross Michael
Title: "Homogeneity and Heterogeneity in Jefferson and Madison."

Publication: International Review of History and Political Science
Volume: 13
Date: 1976
Pages: 47-50

Notes: Note contrasting TJ's desire for a population uniform in occupation and political belief with Madison's belief that a great variety of interests will protect individuals from a tyrannical majority

Reference: 2432

2433

---

Name: Rothschild Richard
Title: Three Gods Give an Evening to Politics

Publisher: Random House
City: New York
Date: 1936
Pages: pp. viii, 216

Notes: Jefferson, Lenin and Socrates in after dinner conversation.

Reference: 2433

2434

---

Name: Ryavec , Ernest A.
Title: "Slovenians, Thomas Jefferson, and the Declaration of Independence."

Publication: Officer Review
Volume: 16
Date: 1978
Pages: 12-14

Notes: TJ could have learned of the Slovenian ritual for installing Dukes of Carinthia in Bodin's Republic.

Reference: 2434

2435

---

Name: Sandler , S. Gerald
Title: "Lockean Ideas in Thomas Jefferson's Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom."

Publication: Journal of the History of Ideas
Volume: 21
Date: (1960)
Pages: 110-16

Notes: Claims to demonstrate the relation between TJ's reading notes on Locke, his Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, and Locke's Letter Concerning Toleration.

Reference: 2435

2436

---

Name: Sanford , Charles L.
Title: "The Art of Virtue: Franklin and Jefferson"

Publication: The Quest for Paradise: Europe and the American Moral Imagination.
Publisher: Univ. of Illinois Press
City: Urbana
Date: 1961
Pages: 114-34

Notes: TJ as a culture hero who virtually abandoned the Puritan view of unregenerate man and cleared the way for "the creation of an American Adam by romantic nationalism."

Reference: 2436

2437

---

Name: Scaff , Lawrence A.
Title: "Citizenship in America: Theories of the Founding"

Publication: The Non-Lockean Roots of American Democratic Thought, ed. Joyotpaul Chaudhuri
Publisher: Univ. of Arizona Press
City: Tucson
Date: 1977
Pages: 44-73

Notes: Argues that TJ "points us toward the prototypical American solution for democratic citizenship."

Reference: 2437

2438

---

Name: Schaar , John H.
Title: "... And the Pursuit of Happiness."

Publication: VQR
Volume: 46
Date: (1970)
Pages: 1-26

Notes: Discusses the changing notions of happiness in America, including TJ's, which turns out to have ironic consequences.

Reference: 2438

2439

---

Name: Schaff , David S.
Title: "The Bellarmine-Jefferson Legend and the Declaration of Independence."

Publication: Papers of the American Society of Church History
Volume: 2nd ser. 8
Date: (1928)
Pages: 239-76

Notes: Argues convincingly that the theory concerning Bellarmine's influence on TJ and George Mason is unsupported and there are essential differences between Bellarmine~s theory of government and that behind the Declaration. Printed separately, New York: Putnam's, 1927, pp.40.

Reference: 2439

2440

---

Name: Schlesinger , Arthur M.
Title: "The Lost Meaning of 'The Pursuit of Happiness'."

Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 21
Date: (1964)
Pages: 325-27

Notes: "Pursuit" means practice of happiness.

Reference: 2440

2441

---

Name: Schneider , Herbert W.
Title: "The Enlightenment in Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Ethics
Volume: 53
Date: (1943)
Pages: 246-54

Notes: Argues that the enlightened quality of TJ's religion comes from "the merging of religious liberty and liberal religion." Temperamentally a stoic, he took an increasingly pessimistic view of history but maintained his faith in human nature.

Reference: 2441

2442

---

Name: Schulz , Constance B.
Title: "The Radical Religious Ideas of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams: A Comparison."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Cincinnati
City: Cincinnati
Date: 1973
Pages: pp. 307

Notes: TJ identified with the deists more readily than Adams did, in part because his opponents included conservative New England clergy and not, as in Adams' case, supporters of French radicalism. DAI 34/04A, p. 1839.

Reference: 2442

2443

---

Name: Sears , Louis Martin
Title: "Democracy as Understood by Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Mid-America
Volume: n.s. 13
Date: (1942)
Pages: 85-93

Notes: TJ was a political democrat before he was a social democrat, but influenced by French thinkers and by native events like the Order of the Cincinnati, he hoped to transform society as well as the political order.

Reference: 2443

2444

---

Name: Sears , Louis M.
Title: "Jefferson and the Law of Nations."

Publication: American Political Science Review
Volume: 13
Date: (1919)
Pages: 379-99

Notes: TJ was versed in the classic sources of international law, e.g. Grotius, Vattel, Puffendorf, but in face of the collapse of this "classical" school, he became a significant figure in the attempt to "reconstitute a new law of nations," even while appealing to the old authorities. The Embargo was a "grand experiment" whose failure was a "tragedy." Published in Spanish as "Jefferson y el derecho de las naciones." Inter-America. 4(1920), 181-93.

Reference: 2444

2445

---

Name: Shalhope , Robert E.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Republicanism and Antebellum Southern Thought."

Publication: Journal of Southern History
Volume: 42
Date: (1976)
Pages: 529-56

Notes: Examines TJ's thought in the last two decades of his life and claims his adherence to a pastoral republican ideology clarifies his paradoxical acceptance of slavery and commitment to a republican society. "To understand how Jefferson perceived antebellum American society is, perhaps, to recognize how an ever-increasing number of southerners came to view their circumstances."

Reference: 2445

2446

---

Name: Shaw Albert
Title: Address at Meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa Society ... Held in Richmond, Virginia, April 13, 1904

Publisher: n.p.
Date: n.d.
Pages: pp. 27

Notes: TJ "still entitled to be looked on as a prophet and guide" for society and government in a time of "undreamt of industrial combinations and prodigious aggregations of productive capital." Rpt. as "Jefferson's Doctrines Under New Tests" in The Outlook for the Average Man. New York: Macmillan, 1907; and in Representative Phi Beta Kappa Orations. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915. 298-325.

Reference: 2446

2447

---

Name: Sheehan , Bernard William
Title: "Civilization and the American Indian in the Thought of the Jeffersonian Era."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Virginia
Date: 1965
Pages: pp. 395

Notes: Argues that during the Jeffersonian period most informed opinion expected the Indians to be incorporated eventually into white civilization, but toward the end of the period a submerged doubt about the possibilities of such incorporation appeared and lent intellectual support to the removal program. Revised and published as item #1968. DAI 26/10, p. 6009.

Reference: 2447

2448

---

Name: Sheehan , Bernard W.
Title: "Paradise and the Noble Savage in Jeffersonian Thought."

Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 26
Date: (1969)
Pages: 327-59

Notes: Focus on "Jeffersonian generation" rather than on TJ; utopian belief in America as an untouched paradise "cast a progressivist spell over even the most mundane activities.... Paradise was a mythic analogy for Western man's admitted desire to change himself and his surroundings." This program failed when the Indian was also conceived as a noble savage, for "noble savagism was (already) a simplistic statement of perfection."

Reference: 2448

2449

---

Name: Sheldon J.
Title: "Jefferson by the Light of 1863."

Publication: Continental Monthly
Volume: 5
Date: (1864)
Pages: 129-38

Notes: "His works are an arsenal where these weapons of sedition are arranged ready for use."

Reference: 2449

2450

---

Name: Shibata Shingo
Title: "Fundamental Human Rights and the Problem of Freedom: Marxism and the Contemporary Significance of the U.S. Declaration of Independence."

Publication: Social Praxis
Volume: 3
Date: (1976)
Pages: 157-86

Notes: The Declaration "represents the essentials of modern democracy" but Marxism, which subsumes its most important features is "the most comprehensive theory of freedom."

Reference: 2450

2451

---

Name: Simpson , Lewis P.
Title: "Literary Ecumenicalism of the American Enlightenment"

Publication: The Ibero-American Enlightenment, ed. A. Owen Aldridge
Publisher: Univ. of Illinois Press
City: Urbana
Date: 1971
Pages: 317-32

Notes: Claims TJ's identification of the American landscape with Arcadia, as in Query xix of Notes, was instrumental in turning the Enlightenment ideal of a world of letters into a nationalistic, even parochial, ideal. Suggestive.

Reference: 2451

2452

---

Name: Slicer , Thomas R.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Influence of Democracy upon Religion"

Publication: Pioneers of Religious Liberty in America, Being the Great and Thursday Lectures Delivered in Boston in nineteen hundred and three
Publisher: American Unitarian Association
City: Boston
Date: 1903
Pages: 161-84

Notes: TJ's democracy was "based in the essential dignity of human nature" and went hand in hand with a kind of religious liberty (later espoused by Channing) which saw as the only "great facts of religion" God and the soul.

Reference: 2452

2453

---

Name: Smith , Dorothy Valentine
Title: "Ideas and Ideals That Conceived the Declaration of Independence."

Publication: Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine
Volume: 110
Date: (1976)
Pages: 739-48

Notes: Grudgingly admits TJ had a hand in it.

Reference: 2453

2454

---

Name: Smith , T. V.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Perfectibility of Mankind."

Publication: Ethics
Volume: 53
Date: (1943)
Pages: 293-310

Notes: TJ's deepest credo was "It is not only permissible for liberal men to have diverse ends; it is inevitable and, indeed, desirable."

Reference: 2454

2455

---

Name: Smithline Arnold
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"

Publication: Natural Religion in American Literature
Publisher: College and University Press
City: New Haven
Date: 1966
Pages: 56-64

Notes: Brief and somewhat superficial discussion of TJ's deism and his concept of the moral sense.

Reference: 2455

2456

---

Name: Solomon Charles
Title: Karl Marx or Thomas Jefferson? A Debate on Individualism-Socialism Between Hon. Charles Solomon and Hon. George Gordon Battle

Publisher: Political Science Pocket Library
City: New York
Date: 1931
Pages: pp.30

Reference: 2456

2457

---

Name: Somerville John
Title: "Contemporary Significance of the American Declaration of Independence."

Publication: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
Volume: 38
Date: (1978)
Pages: 489-504

Notes: Argues that the Declaration is even more important for us now because of TJ's recognition of the priority of civil rights and of the people's right of revolution.

Reference: 2457

2458

---

Name: Spengler , Joseph J.
Title: "The Political Economy of Jefferson, Madison, and Adams"

Publication: American Studies in Honor of William Kenneth Boyd, ed. David K. Jackson
Publisher: Duke Univ. Press
City: Durham
Date: 1940
Pages: 3-59

Notes: TJ's economic views owed little to the Physiocrats but much to Adam Smith, Hume, and Postlethwayte's dictionary.

Reference: 2458

2459

---

Name: Sprague , Homer B.
Title: "The Mayflower Compact and the Jeffersonian Heresy."

Publication: Our Day
Volume: 15
Date: (1895)
Pages: 145-53

Notes: The foundation of the Jeffersonian doctrine is distrust; its ruling sentiment antagonism; its inevitable tendency, disintegration." Links TJ to Hobbes; Mayflower Compact was written after the body politic existed.

Reference: 2459

2460

---

Name: Stafford John
Title: "The Power of Sympathy."

Publication: Midcontinent American Studies Journal
Volume: 9
Date: 1968
Pages: 52-57

Notes: Survey of the importance of the concept of sympathy for TJ and contemporaries.

Reference: 2460

< /record> 2461

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Name: Stead , John Prindle
Title: "The Roots of Democracy in Thomas Jefferson and Mao-Tse-Tung."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Southern California
Date: 1976
Pages: none given

Notes: "A comparative analysis of the political thought of two great national leaders.... both agree with ancient Chinese thought that participation and moral advancement are best guaranteed by a political system concerned with the people's relative material security." DAI 38/OlA, p. 461.

Reference: 2461

2462

---

Name: Steinfeld Melvin
Title: Our Racist Presidents From Washington to Nixon

Publisher: Consensus Publishers
City: San Ramon, Cal.
Date: 1972
Pages: 15-75

Notes: Tendentious and uncritical sourcebook.

Reference: 2462

2463

---

Name: Sternbach Oscar
Title: "The Pursuit of Happiness and the Epidemic of Depression."

Publication: Psychoanalytic Review
Volume: 61
Date: (1974)
Pages: 283-93

Notes: Contends that the "authors of the Declaration of Independence ... resorted intuitively to conjuring up repressed childhood wishes" but focuses on supposed modern consequences.

Reference: 2463

2464

---

Name: Stewart Randall
Title: "A Doctrine of Man."

Publication: Mississippi Quarterly
Volume: 12
Date: 1959
Pages: 4-9

Notes: Looking at the "doctrine of man" in American literature, calls TJ "naive."

Reference: 2464

2465

---

Name: Stowe , Walter H.
Title: "The Religion of Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church
Volume: 21
Date: (1952)
Pages: 413-15

Notes: Minor note arguing that TJ was naive for believing Christian ethics could survive loss of belief in the divinity of Christ.

Reference: 2465

2466

---

Name: Stowe , William McF.
Title: "The Influence of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic Principles Upon Abraham Lincoln's Thinking on the Question of Slavery."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Boston Univ.
City: Boston
Date: 1938
Pages: none given

Reference: 2466

2467

---

Name: Sullivan James
Title: "The Antecedents of the Declaration of Independence."

Publication: Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1902
Pages: 1:66-81

Notes: Philosophical antecedents for the Declaration's ideas are in classic and medieval eras. The doctrines of the Declaration were originally advanced for purely partisan purposes and abandoned after the controversy; the same charge can be directed to the Declaration.

Reference: 2467

2468

---

Name: Swancara Frank
Title: Thomas Jefferson vs. Religious Oppression

Publisher: University Books
City: New York
Date: 1969
Pages: pp. 160

Notes: Poorly organized study of TJ's work for religious freedom, plus an overview of religious toleration and intolerance before his time.

Reference: 2468

2469

---

Name: Thomas , Elbert D.
Title: Thomas Jefferson, World Citizen

Publisher: Modern Age Books
City: New York
Date: 1942
Pages: pp. viii, 280

Notes: Discussion of the universal applicability of TJ's ideas.

Reference: 2469

2470

---

Name: Trainor , M. Rosaleen
Title: "Thomas Jefferson on Freedom of Conscience."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: St. John's Univ.
Date: 1966
Pages: pp. 201

Notes: Sees "two trends which defy synthesis in" TJ's thought on freedom of conscience: an empirical, modern trend which claims thought is the activity of a material organ and that man has an instinctive moral sense, and a classical trend which shows man governed by a natural law ordered by the Creator. Thus, TJ "did not discuss the difficulties of forming conscience, the possibilities of an erroneous conscience, or the problems of conflict between two persons differing conscientiously." DAI 28/09A, p. 3720.

Reference: 2470

2471

---

Name: Trivers Howard
Title: "Universalism in the Thought of the Founding Fathers."

Publication: VQR
Volume: 52
Date: (1976)
Pages: 448-62

Notes: The founding fathers were men of the Enlightenment, characterized by its "universalism, the affirmation of universal principles in human affairs," and this has affected subsequent national behavior. TJ used as an example on pp. 452-56.

Reference: 2471

2472

---

Name: Truman , Harry S.
Title: "World Unity; Requisites for Permanent Peace."

Publication: Vital Speeches
Volume: 13
Date: (1947)
Pages: 581-83

Notes: Delivered at Monticello, July 4, 1947; world peace depends on recognizing what TJ knew: the necessity of providing in law for democratic freedoms, of respect for other's rights, of the free exchange of knowledge.

Reference: 2472

2473

---

Name: Trumbull , Matthew Mark
Title: Thomas Jefferson. The Father of American Democracy. His Political, Social, and Religious Philosophy

Publisher: George Schilling
City: Chicago
Date: 189?
Pages: pp. 20

Notes: TJ's preference for a weak government led to anarchism, but an interfering government is the problem today. TJ thought Americans were mentally and morally qualified for self-government; maybe then, not now.

Reference: 2473

2474

---

Name: Tyler , Lyon Gardiner
Title: "Ideals of America."

Publication: Tyler's Quarterly
Volume: 3
Date: (1921)
Pages: 73-84

Notes: The ideals of America today were established by Virginians, especially TJ, not in the New England colonies.

Reference: 2474

2475

---

Name: Tyler , Lyon Gardiner
Title: "What Jefferson Stood For."

Publication: Tyler's Quarterly
Volume: 7
Date: (1926)
Pages: 154-63

Reference: 2475

2476

---

Name: Ulich Robert
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"

Publication: History of Educational Thought
Publisher: American Book Co.
City: New York
Date: 1950
Pages: 242-57

Notes: Sketch of his ideas emphasizes educational theories.

Reference: 2476

2477

---

Name: Underwood Benjamin Franklin
Title: Jefferson: The Free-Thinking Philosopher and Statesman; His Religious Views Presented from His Own Writings; His Views on Slavery, Religious Liberty and Other Subjects

Publisher: Times Print
City: Seymour, Ind.
Date: 188?
Pages: pp. 21

Notes: Contends that TJ was a theist, but he rejected the ideas of the Bible as an inspired book or Christianity as a revealed religion. His views were the same as those of Paine, and they were far in advance of those of his age.

Reference: 2477

2478

---

Name: Van Zandt Roland
Title: The Metaphysical Foundations of American History

Publisher: Mouton
City: The Hague
Date: 1959
Pages: pp. 269

Notes: Argues on pp. 99-202 that TJ most clearly and fully enunciates the "closed system of ideas, ... a dialectic of opposed interests and beliefs" through which American historians have come to understand their history.

Reference: 2478

2479

---

Name: Von Eckardt Ursula M.
Title: "The Inalienable Right to the Pursuit of Happiness: The Meaning of the Concept Examined in the Declaration of Independence and in Related Texts."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: New School for Social Research
Date: 1953
Pages: pp. 336

Reference: 2479

2480

---

Name: Von Eckardt Ursula M.
Title: The Pursuit of Happiness in the Democratic Creed: An Analysis of Political Ethics

Publisher: Praeger
City: New York
Date: 1959
Pages: pp.xvi,414

Notes: The right to the pursuit of happiness was not included in the Declaration "on the spur of the moment or as an after thought, but ... represents a central theme of Jefferson's complex political thought."

Reference: 2480

2481

---

Name: Walton Craig
Title: "Hume and Jefferson on the Uses of History"

Publication: Philosophy and the Civilizing Arts: Essays Presented to Herbert W. Schneider, ed. Craig Walton and John P. Anton
Publisher: Ohio Univ. Press
City: Athens
Date: 1974
Pages: 103-25

Notes: Contends that TJ because he wanted to use history ideologically rejected Hume less for his historical judgments than for his skepticism; suggestive. Slightly revised version of this in Hume: A Re-Evaluation, ed. Donald W. Livingstone and James T. King. New York: Fordham Univ. Press, 1976. 389-403.

Reference: 2481

2482

---

Name: Waterman , Julian S.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and Blackstone's Commentaries"

Publication: Illinois Law Review
Volume: 27
Date: (1933)
Pages: 629-59

Notes: TJ opposed the Commentaries and the common law so interpreted because of Blackstone's Tory bias, his "Mansfieldism."

Reference: 2482

2483

---

Name: Wayland , John Walter
Title: The Political Opinions of Thomas Jefferson

Publisher: Neale
City: New York
Date: 1907
Pages: pp. 98

Notes: A rather mechanical and simplistic analysis intended for "the busy, rushing people of to-day." Focus on practical organization and administration of government, not on political theory or intellectual background of TJ's opinions.

Reference: 2483

2484

---

Name: Wettstein , A. Arnold
Title: "Religionless Religion in the Letters and Papers from Monticello."

Publication: Religion in Life
Volume: 45
Date: (1976)
Pages: 152-60

Notes: Thoughtful discussion of TJ's religion, claiming it is no vacuous deism but a notion of a religious a priori as foundational; compares him to Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

Reference: 2484

2485

---

Name: Weyant , Robert V.
Title: "Helvetius and Jefferson: Studies of Human Nature and Government in the Eighteenth Century."

Publication: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
Volume: 9
Date: (1973)
Pages: 29-41

Notes: Argues that Helvetius represents an egocentric view of man, descending from Locke, which holds that morality is the result of education, but that TJ's views are sociocentric in the tradition of Shaftesbury and the Scottish moralists and that he advocated a psychology of innate faculties.

Reference: 2485

2486

---

Name: Whealon , John F.
Title: "American Liberalism: Its Meaning and Consistency."

Publication: Mid-America
Volume: 39
Date: (1957)
Pages: 73-84

Notes: Contends that TJ can be seen as the norm for a genuine liberalism as opposed to the claims of conservatives for his patronage.

Reference: 2486

2487

---

Name: Whealon , John F.
Title: "The Great 'Preamble': Did Bellarmine Influence Jefferson? A Look at the Record."

Publication: Commonwealth
Volume: 42
Date: 1945
Pages: 284-85

Notes: Finds no strong evidence for the influence of Robert Bellarmine on TJ.

Reference: 2487

2488

---

Name: White Lucia
Title: "On a Passage by Hume Incorrectly Attributed to Jefferson."

Publication: Journal of the History of Ideas
Volume: 37
Date: (1976)
Pages: 133-35

Notes: TJ's copy of Thomas Blackwell's An Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer contains on its fly leaf a quotation from Hume's "Of the Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences," also quoted by Hamilton in Federalist 85.

Reference: 2488

2489

---

Name: White , Morton and Lucia
Title: "The Irenic Age: Franklin, Crevecoeur, and Jefferson"

Publication: The Intellectual Versus the City, From Thomas Jefferson to Frank Lloyd Wright
Publisher: Harvard Univ. Press
City: Cambridge
Date: 1962
Pages: 6-20

Notes: For TJ "the republic and the city joined hands only in a marriage of convenience."

Reference: 2489

2490

---

Name: White Morton
Title: The Philosophy of the American Revolution

Publisher: Oxford Univ. Press
City: New York
Date: 1978
Pages: pp. xii, 299

Notes: TJ discussed passim. Analyzes the philosophical backgrounds and positions of the founding fathers with particular attention to the issues of the self-evidence of truth, moral sense, natural law, and natural rights.

Reference: 2490

2491

---

Name: Wicks , Elliott K.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson—A Religious Man with a Passion for Religious Freedom."

Publication: Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church
Volume: 36
Date: (1967)
Pages: 271-83

Notes: Intelligent survey, but nothing new.

Reference: 2491

2492

---

Name: Williams , Kenneth Rayner
Title: "The Ethics of Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Boston Univ.
City: Boston
Date: 1962
Pages: pp. 247

Notes: TJ believed that morality rested on the relation of man to man, but that religion was a private affair. The government had moral obligations to respect the natural rights of free men, although Indians and Negroes were barred from citizenship because of the supposed inferiority of their culture or race. DAI 23/05, p. 1744.

Reference: 2492

2493

---

Name: Wills Garry
Title: Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence

Publisher: Doubleday
City: Garden City, N.Y.
Date: 1978
Pages: pp. xxvi, 398

Notes: Argues that the Declaration has been frequently misunderstood because of a failure to place its terms accurately in the context of eighteenth-century thought. An important book which reveals a great deal about TJ's attitudes toward science, ethics, slavery, etc. and illuminates his connections to Francis Hutcheson and the moral sense philosophers as well as to the Scottish common sense school; it is not so trail-breaking, however, as it pretends.

Reference: 2493

2494

---

Name: Wills Garry
Title: "Prolegomena to a Reading of the Declaration"

Publication: Thomas Jefferson: The Man ... His World ... His Influence, ed. Lally Weymouth
Publisher: Putnam's
City: New York
Date: 1973
Pages: 69-79

Notes: To understand the Declaration we must bring ourselves to understand the meaning TJ's words had for him, for example what he meant when he called himself a farmer.

Reference: 2494

2495

---

Name: Wilson Douglas
Title: "The American Agricola: Jefferson's Agrarianism and the Classical Tradition."

Publication: South Atlantic Quarterly
Volume: 80
Date: (1981)
Pages: 339-54

Notes: Excellent discussion of the classical foundations for TJ's agrarianism, particularly Virgil's Georgics.

Reference: 2495

2496

---

Name: Wilson , Francis G.
Title: "On Jeffersonian Tradition."

Publication: Review of Politics
Volume: 5
Date: (1943)
Pages: 302-21

Notes: Reviews TJ's positions and their continuity. If much of the intellectual tradition TJ admired has crumbled by our own time, his basic ideas are still valid; if we reject Destutt de Tracy, we hold on to the Declaration of Independence.

Reference: 2496

2497

---

Name: Wiltse , Charles Maurice
Title: "Jeffersonian Democracy; a Dual Tradition."

Publication: American Political Science Review
Volume: 28
Date: (1934)
Pages: 838-51

Notes: Finds two streams of thought in TJ's political philosophy: a democratic emphasis on individualism and a socialist emphasis on the welfare of the whole. The democratic and socialist positions are closely linked; the first is a rejection of political absolutism, the second of economic absolutism.

Reference: 2497

2498

---

Name: Wiltse , Charles Maurice
Title: The Jeffersonian Tradition in American Democracy

Publisher: Univ. of North Carolina Press
City: Chapel Hill
Date: 1935
Pages: pp.xii,273

Notes: Thoughtfully examines how the "political liberalism of accumulated centuries passes through Jefferson into the Democratic tradition" by discussing his views on the state and on the law while emphasizing the flexibility and breadth of his ideas.

Reference: 2498

2499

---

Name: Wiltse , Charles Maurice
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: A Study of the Philosophy of the State."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Cornell Univ.
Date: 1932
Pages: pp. 264

Notes: Thorough-going investigation of TJ's political ideas treated as a coherent system. Revised version published as item #2498.

Reference: 2499

2500

---

Name: Wiltse , Charles M.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson on the Law of Nations."

Publication: American Journal of International Law
Volume: 29
Date: (1935)
Pages: 66-81

Notes: TJ at times shows a tendency to move away from older natural law theory in favor of a sociological interpretation of international law. His theory of the social contract assumed the state of nature to be a state of peace, and he made this fundamental pacifism the goal of his dealings in international affairs.

Reference: 2500



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