Chapter 2: A. Books and Monographs: 1981.
Reference: 1.
Name: Bedini,
, Silvio A.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and Science. Exhibition Catalogue
.
City: Washington:
Publisher: National Museum of
American History.
Pages: (16).
Notes: Listed as # 2574 in
TJCAB . Surveys the range of TJ's scientific interests; see
the author's 1990 scientific
biography of TJ, listed below, for his fullest statement on this subject.
Reference: 2.
Name: Bedini,
, Silvio A.
Publication: Declaration of Independence Desk: Relic of Revolution
.
City: Washington:
Publisher: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Pages: vii, 112.
Notes: Listed as # 111 in
TJCAB. Pursues the history of TJ's lap desk and in the
course of the discussion covers
the
occasion of the writing of the Declaration, the house in Philadelphia where
he wrote it, the
subsequent history of the desk up to its donation to the nation, and the
manufacture and dispersal
of
several facsimile desks
(which have sometimes been mistaken for the original). Illustrations of the
desk, the Graff house
in which TJ wrote the decoration, and of ancillary correspondence add to
the value of this
delightfully antiquarian study.
Reference: 3.
Name: Cunningham,
, Noble E., Jr.
Publication: The Image of Thomas Jefferson in the Public Eye:
Portraits for the People,
1800-1809 .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of
Virginia,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xvii, 185.
Notes:
Listed as # 2724 in TJCAB . Records and analyzes likenesses
of TJ made for public
consumption during his presidency. The many popular likenesses which
were widely distributed
reflect interest in TJ and in the office of the presidency, and they also
display the state of the arts
in
the early republic. Covers engravings, pictures on ceramics, cloth, etc.,
caricatures. Informative.
Reference: 4.
Name: Dabney,
, Virginius.
Publication: The Jefferson Scandals: A Rebuttal .
City: New
York:
Publisher: Dodd,
Date: Mead,
1981.
Pages: x,
154.
Notes: Listed as # 328 in
TJCAB . The most extensive of the various replies to the
resurrection of the Callender
scandals by Fawn Brodie and others. It undercuts its own case, however,
by its extreme
defensiveness and exaggerated tone and by treating a fiction such as Barbara
Chase-Riboud's
novel
as a serious threat to TJ's historical reputation. More effective replies have
been made by
scholars
such as Douglas Adair and others to those giving credence to a TJ-Sally
Hemings affair.
Reference: 5.
Name: Dabney,
, Virginius.
Publication: Mr. Jefferson's University: A History .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of
Virginia,
Date:
1981.
Pages: xvii, 643.
Notes: The Jeffersonian founding sketchily covered in the first eight
pages, the rest of the
volume
a more or less anecdotal history of the later University with little attention
to the issue of the
success
or failure of TJ's original vision. Disappointing. See the 1983 essay by
John S. Whitehead listed
below.
Reference: 6.
Name: Hines,
, Mary Elizabeth.
Title: "Dissent in the Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation.
Catholic University of America,
Date: 1981.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 735A.
Notes: Claims TJ advocated dissent for specific reasons and under
carefully defined conditions
in
the pursuit of carefully defined goals. Dissent for him was less an isolated
act than an attitude, a
process which could correct a wayward, insensitive government on the one
hand and encourage a
society of free, politically articulate and self-governing men. Argues that
TJ presents a seminal
theory of truly democratic dissent, a new philosophical and political
blending of theory with the
pragmatic requirements of egalitarian government.
Reference: 7.
Name: Jackson,
, Donald.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson & the Stony Mountains: Exploring
the West from
Monticello .
City: Urbana:
Publisher:
University of Illinois
Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xii, 339.
Notes: Discusses Jefferson's long-standing interest in the West,
particularly the
trans-Mississippi
West, the recorded knowledge available to him, his support of exploring
parties, and his plans for
settlement and development. Chapters on Lewis and Clark, Zebulon Pike,
and the Red River
explorations of William Dunbar and Thomas Freeman. Examines dealings
with the Sac and Fox
Indians as a case study representative of TJ's Indian policy as a whole and
his determination that
the
Louisiana Purchase would be used for resettlement of tribes east of the
Mississippi. Contends
that
for all presidents from TJ through Jackson the results of Indian policy were
the same although
details
and degree of compassion differed; the government caved in first to
pressure from settlers and
land
speculators, then the Indians. Concludes that in western matters as in many
others TJ was not so
much an innovator as a reactor,
"at his finest when responding brilliantly to unexpected events, Mackenzie's
startling
voyage
across Canada, or Napoleon's thunderbolt offer to sell Louisiana." Listed
as # 2916 in
TJCAB
Reference: 8.
Name: Jefferson,
, Thomas.
Publication: Reports of Cases Determined in the General Court of
Virginia. From 1730, to
1740;
and from 1768, to 1772.
City: Buffalo:
Publisher: William S. Hein,
Date: 1981.
Pages:
[3], viii,
145.
Notes: Brief introduction by John M. Lindsey notes the significance of
this book, originally
published in 1829, focusing particularly on TJ's appendix on "Whether
Christianity is a part of
the
Common Law?"
Reference: 9.
Name: Larson,
, Martin A.
Publication: Jefferson, Magnificent Populist .
City: Washington,
D.C.:
Publisher: Robert B. Luce,
Date:
1981.
Pages: xxiv,
390.
Notes: Selection of "Gems from Jefferson," topically arranged.
Introduction and
brief
commentary. A useful volume for speechwriters in search of sound bites.
Reference: 10.
Name: Malone,
, Dumas.
Publication: Jefferson and His Times: The Sage of Monticello
.
City: Boston:
Publisher: Little Brown,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xxiii,
551.
Notes: The final volume of Malone's definitive, six volume biography
of TJ. Covers the years
from
1809 and TJ's retirement from the presidency through his death in 1826.
Notable for its
treatment
of the private life of TJ in retirement, the matter of the Batture Controversy
which dragged on
after
he left the White House, the sale of his library to the nation, and his labors
to establish the
University
of Virginia, his responses to the Missouri Compromise and the new set of
political questions that
emerged after the War of 1812, and his troubled financial situation of his
last years. Marked by
Malone's usual high standards of scholarship, and by a balance and
judgment that had seemed
threatened at times by defensiveness in some of the earlier volumes. Listed
as # 763 in
TJCAB
Reference: 11.
Name: Malone,
, Dumas, with Anne Freudenberg.
Publication: Malone and Jefferson: The Biographer and the Sage
.
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University of Virginia Library,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 28.
Notes: An interview between Malone and Freudenberg conducted
shortly after Malone had
published the final volume of his
Jefferson and His Time . Discusses the beginnings of
Malone's
interest
in TJ, his biographical methods and principles, and his assessment of TJ's
character.
Reference: 12.
Name: Matthews,
, Richard Kevin.
Title: "The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson: An Alternative
Interpretation."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation. University of Toronto,
Date: 1981.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 4570-A.
Notes: Contends that, partly in response to his awareness of the
economic and political
inequality
of Europe, TJ argues for the right of every individual not to be denied
access to the means of
labor.
Because he conceives of man as dynamic, evolving being who is naturally
both social and moral,
he consciously attempts to construct a political system, eg. his ward
republics, that will allow for
maximum citizen participation. TJ is qualitatively different from Madison
and presents the
outlines
for a democratic-socialistic alternative to the present market ideology.
Published in revised
version
as The Radical Politics of Thomas Jefferson (1984), for which
see below.
Reference: 13.
Name: Mayo,
, Bernard.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and His Unknown Brother
.
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of
Virginia,
Date:
1981.
Pages: viii, 59.
Notes: Expanded edition of earlier title
(see # 810 in TJCAB ) containing letters exchanged between
TJ and his brother Randolph
and
description of their relationship by Mayo; useful additions by James A.
Bear, Jr.
Reference: 14.
Name: Peterson,
, Merrill D.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and the Beginnings of American
Citizenship .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: Thomas Jefferson
Memorial
Foundation,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 13.
Notes: Independence Day Address, July 4, 1981. Celebrating
"the miracle of American citizenship" at the traditional naturalization
ceremonies
held
at Monticello. Argues that for TJ the right of all persons to choose their
own citizenship was an
essential meaning of the American Revolution. Links this belief to his
allegiance to principles of
"constituent sovereignty." Notes his inclusion of the right of expatriation in
his proposed laws
for
Virginia and also his mistake in excluding some from possible citizenship
because of race.
Reference: 15.
Name: Rushing,
, Dorothy Marie.
Title: "Attitudes and Actions of the First Six Presidents of the United
States Concerning Higher
Education."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Texas,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 337.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 4740-A.
Notes: Finds TJ and the other presidents shared many beliefs while
disagreeing on some aspects
of higher education. Concludes that higher education today serves the
purpose of educating a
democratic citizenry which these men envisioned, although the educational
problems they faced
still
persist to some extent. Standard facts and no ground-breaking opinions.
Reference: 16.
Name: Tucker,
, David.
Title: "Jefferson's
Publication: Notes on the State of Virginia ."
Publication: Ph.D dissertation.
Claremont
Graduate School,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 335.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 1287-A.
Notes: Focuses on the structure of the book, arguing that it reveals the
political motives behind
the
composition. TJ considered the political implications of nature and human
nature in their
universal
aspect and their particular American manifestations. His vision of an
enlightened republic was
paradoxically related to an understanding of the Enlightenment as presented
by Locke and to an
understanding of republicanism as presented by Montesquieu.
Reference: 17.
Name: Vaughan,
, Joseph Lee and Omer Allen Gianniny, Jr.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson's Rotunda Restored 1973-1976
.
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of
Virginia,
Date:
1981.
Pages: xxi, 170.
Notes: Introduction by Frederick D. Nichols; on TJ's original concept,
Stanford White's
reconstruction, and the modern restoration. Generously illustrated.
Previously cited,
TJCAB , # 3373.
Reference: 18.
Name: Yates,
, Bernice-Marie.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson at Home: Monticello, Style and
Structure .
City:
[n.p.]:
Publisher: The author,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 36, [1].
Notes: Describes the building of Monticello, influenced architecturally
by
"Andrew Palladio," Roman antiquities, and French domestic architecture.
Nothing
new.
B. Essays and book chapters.
Reference: 19.
Name: Appleby,
, Joyce O.
Title: "The Changing Prospect of the Family Farm in the Early
National Period."
Publication: Working Papers for the Regional Economic History
Research
Center
Volume: 4
Date: (no. 3, 1981) ,
Pages: 1-25.
Notes: Discusses the growth of American agriculture in the early
national period and situates
TJ's
espousal of natural rights and limited government in the context of the
favorable prospects during
this period for family farms, at least in this country rather than in Great
Britain. Commentary by
Diane E. Lindstrom on 61-69.
Reference: 20.
Name: Boller,
, Paul.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson--1801-1809"
in
Publication: Presidential Anecdotes .
City: New
York:
Publisher:
Oxford
University Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages:
34-44.
Notes: Brief discussion of the impact of anecdotes on TJ's public
reputation, followed by several
anecdotes illustrating various of his attributed virtues.
Reference: 21.
Name: Cheatham,
, Edgar and Patricia.
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Virginia."
Publication: Travel/Holiday
Volume: 156
Date: (July, 1981) ,
Pages: 28-33.
Notes: Advice for tourists to Williamsburg, Richmond, and
Charlottesville who wish to pursue
Jeffersonian associations as they sightsee and dine.
Reference: 22.
Name: Childress,
, Mark.
Title: "The Idea that Jefferson Built."
Publication: Southern Living
Volume: 16
Date: (September, 1981) ,
Pages: 36-39.
Notes: Illustrated account of TJ's plan for the University of Virginia.
Reference: 23.
Name: Crackel,
, Theodore J.
Title: "The Founding of West Point: Jefferson and the Politics of
Security."
Publication: Armed Forces and Society
Volume: 7
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 529-43.
Notes: Argues that TJ's founding of West Point needs to be understood
in the context of his
efforts
to create and safeguard a new, republican regime. TJ hoped to use the
Academy to break up the
upperclass monopoly of education.
Reference: 24.
Name: Cunliffe,
, Marcus.
Title: "`The Earth Belongs to the Living': Thomas Jefferson and the
Limits of
Inheritance"
in
Publication: Forms and Functions of History in American Literature:
Essays in Honor of Ursula
Brumm ,
ed. Winfried Fluck, Jurgen Peper, and Willi Paul
Adams.
City: Berlin:
Publisher: Erich Schmidt Verlag,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 56-70.
Notes: Interesting, if a bit meandering, discussion of TJ's seeming
indifference to the past.
Points
out difficulties with his formulation of a principle of historical discontinuity,
difficulties Madison
promptly showed him in 1789, and in fact, TJ had a serious interest in the
literary, architectural,
biological and historical past. His interest was selective, however,
sometimes showing "the
instincts
of an antiquary for whom the past was a rich miscellany of marvels and
mysteries." But if he
maintained a conservative view of the Revolution as rescuing ancient rights
from the Norman
yoke,
he insisted that the best moments of the history of man were yet in the
future.
Reference: 25.
Name: Cunningham,
, Noble E.
, Jr.
Title: "Presidential Leadership, Political Parties, and the Congressional
Caucus,
1800-1824"
in
Publication: The American Constitutional System under Strong and
Weak
Parties ,
ed. Patricia Bonomi, James Macgregor Burns, and Austin
Ranney.
City: New York:
Praeger Publishers,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 1-20.
Notes: Summarizes TJ's relations with Congress
(see the author's Process of Government Under Jefferson ,
TJCAB #1524, for a full account) and points out that he was
less restrained by Congress
than
were his successors, Madison and Monroe, because he owed little if
anything to the party caucus.
Claims that a strong Republican party was a key factor in the success of
TJ's leadership, and his
role
as head of the party give him leverage Washington and Adams lacked.
Madison did not have
TJ's
skill as a party leader, and Monroe distrusted parties; in their
administrations the Republican
party
declined as a force.
Reference: 26.
Name: Davis,
, Robert R., Jr.
Title: "Pell-Mell: Jefferson's Etiquette and Protocol."
Publication: Historian
Volume: 43
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 509-29.
Notes: TJ's republicanizing of diplomatic etiquette was modified after
1804 when he realized
that
he might have pushed Anthony Merry and the Marquis Yrujo to the brink
of conspiracy with
Burr.
Reference: 27.
Name: Derr,
, Thomas S.
Title: "The First Amendment as a Guide to Church-State Relations:
Theological Illusions,
Cultural
Fantasies, and Legal Practicalities"
in
Publication: Church, State, and Politics ,
ed. Jaye B. Hensel.
City: Washington, D.C.:
Publisher: Roscoe Pound-American Trial Lawyers
Foundation,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 75-91.
Notes: Contends that "Jefferson's theoretical substructure for his own
conception of the
separation
of church and state was a foundation of sand." TJ's deism was marked by
a belief in the natural
goodness of rational man which ignores the frequency of human selfishness.
This individualist
optimism encourages the belief that individual moralism was enough to
guarantee social health,
but
the churches traditionally had argued that religion had to create a
transformed society through
corporate action. His belief in the core of religion as morality alone falsely
assumes that all
churches
will understand moral issues in the same light, whereas they have often
criticized each other and
the
state on the basis of what they take to be the the essential moral code.
Finally, his belief in the
automatic social utility of religion subverts the churches' understanding of
themselves as
prophetic
voices by co-opting them to the view of the state. By fostering a civil
religion, the state
dangerously
exaggerates its own importance. The present time calls for the legal practice
of the First
Amendment
without its original deist philosophy. A challenging essay that does,
however, assume the value
of
prophetic religion and dismiss TJ's anti-clericalism without sufficient
consideration.
Reference: 28.
Name: Dewey,
, Frank L.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and a Williamsburg Scandal."
Publication: VMHB
Volume: 89
Date: (1981) . 44-63.
Notes: Examines TJ's legal services on behalf of Dr. James Blair of
Williamsburg who
was
threatened with a suit by his wife for separate maintenance. TJ drew up
notes on the possibility
of
obtaining a bill of divorce from the General Assembly. Describes the
scandal arising from the
Blairs'
charges and counter charges; he was impotent, she had committed adultery
with the governor,
etc.
Reference: 29.
Name: Doerr,
, Edd.
Title: "Billings v. Jefferson."
Publication: Humanist
Volume: 41
Date: (July/August, 1981) ,
Pages: 51-52.
Notes: Criticizes speech made at University of Virginia by Robert
Billings calling for tax
support
for religious schools. Imagines TJ returning to life in order to rebuke
Billings for lowering the
wall
of separation.
Reference: 30.
Name: Hardesty.
, Kathleen.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Thought of the
Encyclopedie ."
Publication: Laurels .
Volume: 52
Date: (Spring 1981) ,
Pages: 19-31.
Notes: Claims that the explanation for shared ideas with French
thinkers lies in shared sources,
the
ancients, Newton, Bolingbroke, etc. Both TJ and the Encyclopedists
supported a
"provisional scepticism," a belief in the order of nature, and a belief in
progress.
Their
philosophical considerations were based on a notion of man as naturally
virtuous and thus able to
govern himself, rightfully and by right.
Reference: 31.
Name: Harnsberger,
, Douglas.
Title: "`In Delorme's Manner.'"
Publication: APT Bulletin
Volume: 13
Date: (November 1981) ,
Pages: 2-8.
Notes: A 1981 x-ray probe of the Monticello dome has revealed that
it was constructed after the
method of Philibert Delorme, a sixteenth-century French architect, a
method also used in the
Halle
des Bleds in Paris. This technique involved laminating short sections of
wood to make
continuous
structural ribs for vaults and domes. TJ substituted wrought iron nails,
probably of his own
manufacture, for Delorme's pegs and tenons.
Reference: 32.
Name: Hoeveler,
, J.
David, Jr.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the American `Provincial' Mind."
Publication: Modern Age
Volume: 25
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 271-80.
Notes: Claims that TJ may have valued Scottish Enlightenment
philosophers such as Francis
Hutcheson and Thomas Reid for their defense of provincial culture and
values in the face of a
conflicting cosmopolitan culture. Describes provincial culture as marked by
an emphasis on
republican, moral, and sentimental bonds between people and an attachment
to the local scene.
TJ's
differences with Hamilton can thus be understood in terms of his fear of the
replacement of
provincial bonds of closeness with "the impersonal cash-nexus of the
modern banking and
commercial systems." Does not overlook TJ's considerable attraction to
cosmopolitan culture,
but
argues that he is at the same time the best example of the sensitive
provincial.
Reference: 33.
Name: Israel,
, John and Steven H.
Hochman.
Title: "Discovering Jefferson in the People's Republic of China."
Publication: Virginia Quarterly Review
Volume: 57
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 401-19.
Notes: Three short essays on Chinese visitors to the University of
Virginia since 1976, on the
life
and work of Liu Zuochang, "China's sole Jefferson expert," and on a
comparison of TJ and
Chairman
Mao. Hochman's discussion of Liu (see below) faults certain omissions
such as TJ's concern for
a
bill of rights and his being to some extent captive of some Marxist cliches,
but he finds the essay
impressive overall for its perceptiveness about TJ, its grasp of scholarship,
and its fresh point of
view. Israel points out the affinities and relevance of TJ for Chinese critics
of the regime who
must
be able to perceive what can not be expressly articulated about him in
accounts originating in the
communist context.
Reference: 34.
Name: Jaffa,
, Harry V.
Title: "Inventing the Past: Garry Wills's
Inventing America and the Pathology of Ideological
Scholarship."
Publication: St. Johns Review
Volume: 33
Date: (Autumn, 1981) ,
Pages: 3-19.
Notes: Somewhat convoluted and occasionally cantankerous critique of
Wills's attempt to
distance
TJ from Locke. Argues for regarding the Declaration as the originating
document of the U.S.
with
the force of law, and tellingly refutes Wills's claim that TJ had Hutcheson
rather than Locke in
mind
for key passages of the Declaration. Reprinted in
Publication: American Conservatism and the American Founding
.
City: Durham,
NC:
Publisher: Carolina Academic Press,
Date: 1984.
Pages:
76-109.
Reference: 35.
Name: Jordan,
, Winthrop D.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Self and Society"
in
Publication: Our Selves/Our Past ,
ed. Robert J. Brugger.
City: Baltimore:
Publisher: Johns Hopkins
University Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 118-40.
Notes: Excerpt without additional comment from Jordan's
White over Black , listed in
TJCAB .
Reference: 36.
Name: Kalckhoff,
, Andreas.
Title: "Jefferson lebt fort!"
1774-1779: Fünf Jahre die
dem späteren
Präsidenten der USA
zur Berühmtheit verhaffen."
Publication: Damals: Zeitschrift für geschichtliches Wissen
Volume: 13
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 403-20.
Notes: Biographical sketch, focusing on years around the Declaration.
Conventional
admiration.
Reference: 37.
Name: Kammen,
, Michael.
Title: "Echoes and Reverberations: Reflections on the Language of
Politics and Patterns of
Political
Literature in Revolutionary and Republican America"
in
Publication: Literature and Society: The Lawrence Henry Gipson
Symposium ,
ed.
Jan Fergus.
City: Bethlehem, PA:
Publisher: Lawrence Henry Gipson Institute,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 15-32.
Notes: Examines the "climate of opinion" surrounding a number of
well-known quotations (and
one
or two not so well-known ones) from TJ's writing in order to show that
literary skill can have an
effect on public affairs, that it is not limited to texts self-consciously
defined as "literary," and
that
it is often a matter of timing more than of skill. Suggests that the dominant
metaphors of TJ and
his
contemporaries often refer, not unsurprisingly, to agriculture and nature
whereas those of the
following century were shaped, first, by the concerns of evangelical
Protestantism and, later, by
the
images of machinery and energy. TJ's appeal to "the harmonizing
sentiments of the age" can
help
us to understand "national tradition."
Reference: 38.
Name: Klingelhofer,
, Herbert E.
Title: "`Abolish the Navy.'"
Publication: Manuscripts
Volume: 33
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 277-84.
Notes: On the context of TJ's letter of September 17, 1802 to Robert
Smith on the sailing of the
John Adams to the Mediterranean as part of the force against
the Barbary pirates. He
held
up its departure briefly in order to evaluate the latest news from the region.
Reference: 39.
Name: Leighton,
, Ann.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson as a Gardener: The Third President of the
United States."
Publication: Country Life (Great Britain).
Volume: 170
Date: (1981),
Pages: 1556-58.
Notes: Sketch of TJ's interests in gardening, botany, and landscape
architecture.
Reference: 40.
Name: Lewis,
, Monte Ross.
Title: "Chickasaw Removal: Betrayal of the Beloved Warriors,
1794-1844."
Publication: Ph.D.
dissertation. University of North Texas,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 298.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981),
Pages: 4906-A.
Notes: Chapter two covers TJ's policies toward the Chickasaw nation
while he was president.
Eventual removal of the Chickasaw to Indian Territory was made possible
by TJ's reversal of
Washington's policy of guaranteeing the integrity of their homeland.
Reference: 41.
Name: Liu Cho-chang.
Title: "The Democratic Thought of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Chinese Studies in History .
Volume: 14
Date: (no. 3, 1981) ,
Pages: 3-37.
Notes: Introduction by John Israel (see above). Survey of positive and
negative aspects of TJ's
thought by China's foremost Jefferson scholar. Translated from first
appearance in
Publication: Li-shih yen-chiu
Volume: 4
Date: (August 15, 1980) ,
Pages: 149-64.
Sees TJ as a founder of the
"democratic tradition of America's bourgeoisie," but values him for his
theories of
natural rights, his articulation of the people's right to revolution, and his
praise for the people's
"spirit
of resistance." Criticizes his agrarian desires to avoid the contradictions of
capitalism as a
"fantastic,
backward-looking illusion."
Reference: 42.
Name: Meier,
, H.
A.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and a Democratic Technology"
in
Publication: Technology in America: A History of Individuals and
Ideas ,
ed.
Carroll
W. Pursell, Jr.
City: Cambridge:
Publisher: MIT Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 17-33.
Notes: Good brief survey of TJ's interests in technology, emphasizing
his desire to encourage
practical applications of science, especially to "domestic objects." Discusses
his opinions on
patents
and his management of the patent system. Only 67 patents were granted
while he oversaw the
system, partly because of his suspicion of monopoly and his high standards
for a patentable
innovation.
Reference: 43.
Name: Meschutt,
, David.
Title: "Gilbert Stuart's Portraits of Jefferson."
Publication: American Art Journal
Volume: 13
Date: (Winter 1981) ,
Pages: 2-16.
Notes: Gilbert Stuart painted TJ from life in Philadelphia in 1800 and
twice in Washington in
1805.
His "devious and sometimes fraudulent business practices" have clouded the
history of the
portraits.
Stuart never delivered the 1800 painting to TJ, and what happened to it is
unknown. He used the
second portrait to make the half length portrait commissioned by James
Bowdoin and then
apparently sold the original to Madison. Argues that stylistic evidence
supports the conclusion
that
the portrait TJ was finally able to pry loose from Stuart, the so-called
Edgehill portrait, was not
the
original but a copy made about 1821. The version of this painting found by
Orland Campbell
seems
not to be by Stuart at all; see TJCAB #2652 for Campbell's
argument which is here
rejected.
The third portrait was the so-called "Medallion Profile" done in crayon and
gouache; this was
delivered to TJ shortly after it was completed in 1805. Previously listed as
#3090 in
TJCAB
Reference: 44.
Name: Morse,
, Genevieve Forbes.
Title: "Captain Jack Jouett."
Publication: Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine
Volume: 115
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 700-703.
Notes: The usual retelling of the ride to warn TJ about the British raid
of 1781.
Reference: 45.
Name: Pole,
, J.
R.
Title: "Enlightenment and the Politics of American Nature"
in
Publication: The Enlightenment in National Context
,
ed. Roy Porter and Mikulas
Teich.
City: Cambridge UK:
Publisher: Cambridge University Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 192-214.
Notes: Overview of the Enlightened America organized around the
figure of TJ, who "stands as
the
most complete and fully representative American of the Enlightenment" and
also "epitomises the
distinctively political aspects ... of the Enlightenment in America."
Discusses political theory,
scientific activity, education, slavery, and moral theory. Relies largely on
recent studies by May,
Commager, Wills, and White. Offers a tentative apology for TJ's opinions
of blacks but claims
Garry Wills has overstated a similar position. Suggests that Morton White's
discussion of
self-evident truths should be extended; argues that after 1776 TJ sought to
widen the traditional
narrow
basis for the availability of self-evident truths by means of encouraging
education. "To
democratize
epistemology is a decisive step towards democratizing society."
Reference: 46.
Name: Redenius,
, Charles.
Title: "The Struggle for Equality to 1789"
in
Publication: The American Ideal of Equality from Jefferson's
Declaration to the Burger
Court .
City: Port Washington, NY:
Publisher: Kennikat
Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 8-24.
Notes: Describes TJ as the great articulator of the ideal of equality
which has exerted a
continuing
power on later generations, beyond his own understanding of the ideal in
some cases. Claims
that
because he was abroad in 1787, of the "triad of ideas" that have dominated
American political
thought only property and liberty gained a full hearing. Hamilton succeeded
in linking liberty to
property at the expense of TJ's connection of equality and liberty.
"Whereas Jefferson had struck
`property' from Locke's phrase, Hamilton not only restored it, he also
elevated it to a position of
preeminence." Hardly a new point and made by simplifying both TJ and
Hamilton.
Reference: 47.
Name: Ritcheson,
, Charles R.
Title: "The Fragile Memory: Thomas Jefferson at the Court of George
III."
Publication: Eighteenth-Century Life
Volume: 6
Date: (no. 2-3) . 1-16.
Notes: Nothing out of the ordinary happened. TJ's account in his
"Autobiography" of George
III's
"ungracious" attitude at a levee in 1786 was inaccurately remembered and
highly colored by his
hatred for the King. The detail about George turning his back on TJ and
Adams was added by C.
F. Adams in the 1850's.
Reference: 48.
Name: Ritcheson,
, Charles R.
Title: "The Fragile Memory: What Really Happened When Thomas
Jefferson Met George
III."
Publication: American Heritage .
Volume: 33
Date: (December, 1981) . 72-77.
Notes: Essentially the same as the previous item, without scholarly
apparatus.
Reference:
49.
Name: Rodrigues,
, Leda Boechat.
Title: "Jose Joaquim da Maia e Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Revista do Instituto Historico e Geographico Brasiliero
Volume: 333
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 53-70.
Notes: Describes interaction between TJ and da Maia, a Brazilian
medical student at the
University
of Montpellier and would-be revolutionary who used the pseudonym
"Vendek." TJ was
particularly
interested in da Maia's information about Brazilian social and natural
history, and he expressed
polite
moral support for a Brazilian revolution even as he pointed out that the U.
S. wished to have
friendly
relations with Portugal.
Reference: 50.
Name: Royster,
, Charles.
Title: "A Battle of Memoirs: Light-Horse Harry Lee and Thomas
Jefferson."
Publication: Virginia Cavalcade .
Volume: 31
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 112-27.
Notes: Motivated partly by injured self-esteem, partly by Federalist
political principles, Lee's
Memoirs of the War
(1812) attacked TJ's government of Virginia. This memoir, as well as
Marshall's
Life of Washington , prompted his concern over the
possibilities of a dominant "tory"
history
of the revolution. To answer Lee, TJ encouraged William Johnson,
biographer of Nathanael
Greene,
and Louis Girardin, completer of John Daly Burk's
History of Virginia ; he complimented Johnson for refuting
"Lee's military fable." Claims
that TJ upheld his reputation as governor in part to safeguard the
republicanism of the Revolution
against the demands of Federalists such as Lee and Marshall for strong
government and leaders
with
coercive authority. While modern scholars have vindicated TJ as a diligent
governor and
administrator, TJ and his contemporaries focused on the institution of the
governorship but on
questions of personal conduct and moral character. Thus, above all he had
to face the questions
raised by his flight from Tarleton`s raiding party and had to clarify the
difference between
personal
courage and military competence.
Reference: 51.
Name: Sanoff,
, Alvin.
P.
Title: "Washington, Jefferson, Adams: Out of Their Depth Today?"
Publication: U.S. News & World Report
Volume: 91
Date: (July 6, 1981) ,
Pages: 44-45.
Notes: A conversation with Dumas Malone, who suggests that TJ and
John Adams would feel
ill
at ease in contemporary America because of its size, complexity, and
commercialization.
Reference: 52.
Name: Severens,
, Kenneth.
Title: "Washington and Jefferson: Architects of the American Republic"
in
Publication: Southern Architecture: 350 Years of Distinctive American
Buildings .
City: New York:
Publisher: E. P. Dutton,
Date: 1981.
Pages:
80-96.
Notes: Discusses Monticello early and late, the Virginia Capitol, and
the planning of
Washington,
D.C. Makes the usual points.
Reference: 53.
Name: Spivak,
, Burton.
Title: "Republican Dreams and National Interest: The Jeffersonians and
American Foreign
Policy."
Publication: Society for the History of American Foreign Relations
Newsletter
Volume: 12
Date: (no. 2, 1981) . 1-21.
Notes: Emphasizes TJ's Anglophobia and his rejection of politics based
on commercial
enterprise.
The Jeffersonians' foreign policy failed in part because of their refusal to
recognize the
legitimacy
of some British demands and their insistence that American self-interest was
incompatible with a
republican community.
Reference: 54.
Name: Stiebing,
, William H.
, Jr.
Title: "Who First Excavated Stratigraphically?"
Publication: Biblical Archaeology Review
Volume: 7
Date: (January/ February 1981) ,
Pages: 52-53.
Notes: Briefly discusses method and significance of TJ's excavation of
an Indian mound. #3309
in
TJCAB .
Reference: 55.
Name: Szasz,
, Paul.
C.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson Conceives an International Organization."
Publication: American Journal of International Law
Volume: 75
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 138-40.
Notes: Comment on TJ's 1786 plan for concerted action by the US and
European powers against
the Barbary Pirates.
Reference: 56.
Name: Taylor,
, John M.
Title: "Adams and Jefferson in the Middle East."
Publication: Manuscripts
Volume: 33
Date: (1981) .
Pages: 237-40.
Notes: Notes that both TJ and Adams negotiated with agents of the
Barbary states in the fall of
1785
and claims both came to favor naval construction and a hard line policy.
Discusses letter of
instructions to John Lamb, who was being sent to negotiate with the
Algerians; letter was
countersigned in London by both Adams and TJ (on October 11, 1785).
Reference: 57.
Name: Vial,
, Fernand.
Title: "La culture française de Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: Mélanges Auguste Viatte .
City: Paris:
Publisher:
Académie
des Sciences d'Outre-Mer,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 49-57.
Notes: Describes TJ's citations in his
Commonplace Book from French authors, particularly
Montesquieu, and notes the large
number of books by French authors in his library. Slight piece for a
festschrift.
Reference: 58.
Name: Wainwright,
, Loudon.
Title: "A Lifetime with Mr. Jefferson."
Publication: Life
Volume: 4
Date: (August, 1981) ,
Pages: 7.
Publication:
Notes: Interview with Dumas Malone, discussing his work on TJ.
Reference: 59.
Name: Walker,
, Warren S.
Title: "Cooper's Yorkers and Yankees in the Jeffersonian Garden"
in
Publication: James Fenimore Cooper His Country and His Art: Papers
from the 1980
Conference
at State University College of New York Oneonta and Cooperstown
,
ed. George
A. Test.
City: Oneonta:
Publisher: n.p.,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 71-80.
Notes: By 1830 Cooper had overcome his initial Federalist reservations
about TJ and came to
admire him. He became an ardent advocate of Jeffersonian democracy
which felt was threatened
by the spread of Yankee emigrants to the West.
Reference: 60.
Name: West,
, Susan.
Title: "Jefferson as Scientist."
Publication: Science News .
Volume: 119
Date: (May 9, 1981) ,
Pages: 298-99.
Notes: Coinciding with a Smithsonian exhibit on the topic, offers a
brief sketch of TJ's scientific
interests.
Reference: 61.
Name: Wilcox,
, R.
Peter.
Title: "Monticello: An Early American Prototype for Solar
Architecture"
in
Publication: Proceedings of the Sixth National Passive Solar
Conference .
City: Newark, DE:
Publisher: International National
Solar Energy
Society,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 860-64.
Notes: Discusses briefly TJ's use of siting, thermal mass in
Monticello's structure, shutters, and
glazing as ways to manipulate solar energy in order to heat or cool his
house.
Reference: 62.
Name: Williams,
, M.
G.
Title: "Sir William Petty, Thomas Jefferson, and the Down Survey: A
Fresh Perspective on the
U.
S. Public Land System."
Publication: Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 41
Date: (March, 1981) ,
Pages: 77-81.
Notes: Suggests the importance of Petty's 1656 Down Survey of Ireland
as a formative influence
on TJ and the American land system. It was notable for its rational
subdivision of land (although
not in rectangular pieces) and for its public deed registry, features of TJ's
1784 proposal for the
Northwest Territories. TJ owned both Petty's
Survey of Ireland and his
Political Arithmetic , which also seems to have been
influential.
Reference: 63.
Name: Wilson,
, Douglas.
Title: "The American Agricola: Jefferson's Agrarianism and the
Classical Tradition."
Publication: South Atlantic Quarterly
Volume: 80
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 339-54.
Notes: Important discussion of the classical influences on TJ's agrarian
ideal. TJ knew that he
was
not describing the inclinations of many of his fellow citizens, who farmed
not for virtue but cash,
and his comments on
Notes and elsewhere on agriculture as a way of life voice a
moral preference rather than a
fully accurate description of American rural life. Roman writers were more
important for him
than
Greek, especially Horace and, above all, Virgil. Rejects Leo Marx's
description of the pastoral
element in TJ as "a case of mistaken identity," and astutely points to the
importance of Virgil's
Georgics rather than the
Eclogues for TJ. The georgic mode was not a literary fantasy
for him but was connected
to
the real connections he witnessed between industriousness, virtue, and
self-reliance. Previously
listed as #2495 in
TJCAB .
Reference: 64.
Name: Wright,
, Esmond.
Title: "The Great Little Madison: Father of the Constitution."
Publication: Proceedings of the British Academy
Volume: 67
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 227-47.
Notes: Raises the question, "was he a mere imitator, as he was
certainly an admirer, of Thomas
Jefferson?" but does not pursue it closely enough but does defend Madison
from the charge. A
conventional portrait of Madison, peripheral to TJ, although cited in some
indexes.