Chapter 2: A. Books and Monographs: 1981.


Reference: 1.
Name: Bedini, , Silvio A.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and Science. Exhibition Catalogue .
City: Washington:
Publisher: National Museum of American History.
Pages: (16).
Notes: Listed as # 2574 in TJCAB . Surveys the range of TJ's scientific interests; see the author's 1990 scientific biography of TJ, listed below, for his fullest statement on this subject.


Reference: 2.
Name: Bedini, , Silvio A.
Publication: Declaration of Independence Desk: Relic of Revolution .
City: Washington:
Publisher: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Pages: vii, 112.
Notes: Listed as # 111 in TJCAB. Pursues the history of TJ's lap desk and in the course of the discussion covers the occasion of the writing of the Declaration, the house in Philadelphia where he wrote it, the subsequent history of the desk up to its donation to the nation, and the manufacture and dispersal of several facsimile desks (which have sometimes been mistaken for the original). Illustrations of the desk, the Graff house in which TJ wrote the decoration, and of ancillary correspondence add to the value of this delightfully antiquarian study.


Reference: 3.
Name: Cunningham, , Noble E., Jr.
Publication: The Image of Thomas Jefferson in the Public Eye: Portraits for the People, 1800-1809 .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of Virginia,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xvii, 185.
Notes: Listed as # 2724 in TJCAB . Records and analyzes likenesses of TJ made for public consumption during his presidency. The many popular likenesses which were widely distributed reflect interest in TJ and in the office of the presidency, and they also display the state of the arts in the early republic. Covers engravings, pictures on ceramics, cloth, etc., caricatures. Informative.


Reference: 4.
Name: Dabney, , Virginius.
Publication: The Jefferson Scandals: A Rebuttal .
City: New York:
Publisher: Dodd,
Date: Mead, 1981.
Pages: x, 154.
Notes: Listed as # 328 in TJCAB . The most extensive of the various replies to the resurrection of the Callender scandals by Fawn Brodie and others. It undercuts its own case, however, by its extreme defensiveness and exaggerated tone and by treating a fiction such as Barbara Chase-Riboud's novel as a serious threat to TJ's historical reputation. More effective replies have been made by scholars such as Douglas Adair and others to those giving credence to a TJ-Sally Hemings affair.


Reference: 5.
Name: Dabney, , Virginius.
Publication: Mr. Jefferson's University: A History .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of Virginia,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xvii, 643.
Notes: The Jeffersonian founding sketchily covered in the first eight pages, the rest of the volume a more or less anecdotal history of the later University with little attention to the issue of the success or failure of TJ's original vision. Disappointing. See the 1983 essay by John S. Whitehead listed below.


Reference: 6.
Name: Hines, , Mary Elizabeth.
Title: "Dissent in the Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation. Catholic University of America,
Date: 1981.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 735A.
Notes: Claims TJ advocated dissent for specific reasons and under carefully defined conditions in the pursuit of carefully defined goals. Dissent for him was less an isolated act than an attitude, a process which could correct a wayward, insensitive government on the one hand and encourage a society of free, politically articulate and self-governing men. Argues that TJ presents a seminal theory of truly democratic dissent, a new philosophical and political blending of theory with the pragmatic requirements of egalitarian government.


Reference: 7.
Name: Jackson, , Donald.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson & the Stony Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello .
City: Urbana:
Publisher: University of Illinois Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xii, 339.
Notes: Discusses Jefferson's long-standing interest in the West, particularly the trans-Mississippi West, the recorded knowledge available to him, his support of exploring parties, and his plans for settlement and development. Chapters on Lewis and Clark, Zebulon Pike, and the Red River explorations of William Dunbar and Thomas Freeman. Examines dealings with the Sac and Fox Indians as a case study representative of TJ's Indian policy as a whole and his determination that the Louisiana Purchase would be used for resettlement of tribes east of the Mississippi. Contends that for all presidents from TJ through Jackson the results of Indian policy were the same although details and degree of compassion differed; the government caved in first to pressure from settlers and land speculators, then the Indians. Concludes that in western matters as in many others TJ was not so much an innovator as a reactor, "at his finest when responding brilliantly to unexpected events, Mackenzie's startling voyage across Canada, or Napoleon's thunderbolt offer to sell Louisiana." Listed as # 2916 in TJCAB


Reference: 8.
Name: Jefferson, , Thomas.
Publication: Reports of Cases Determined in the General Court of Virginia. From 1730, to 1740; and from 1768, to 1772.
City: Buffalo:
Publisher: William S. Hein,
Date: 1981.
Pages: [3], viii, 145.
Notes: Brief introduction by John M. Lindsey notes the significance of this book, originally published in 1829, focusing particularly on TJ's appendix on "Whether Christianity is a part of the Common Law?"


Reference: 9.
Name: Larson, , Martin A.
Publication: Jefferson, Magnificent Populist .
City: Washington, D.C.:
Publisher: Robert B. Luce,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xxiv, 390.
Notes: Selection of "Gems from Jefferson," topically arranged. Introduction and brief commentary. A useful volume for speechwriters in search of sound bites.


Reference: 10.
Name: Malone, , Dumas.
Publication: Jefferson and His Times: The Sage of Monticello .
City: Boston:
Publisher: Little Brown,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xxiii, 551.
Notes: The final volume of Malone's definitive, six volume biography of TJ. Covers the years from 1809 and TJ's retirement from the presidency through his death in 1826. Notable for its treatment of the private life of TJ in retirement, the matter of the Batture Controversy which dragged on after he left the White House, the sale of his library to the nation, and his labors to establish the University of Virginia, his responses to the Missouri Compromise and the new set of political questions that emerged after the War of 1812, and his troubled financial situation of his last years. Marked by Malone's usual high standards of scholarship, and by a balance and judgment that had seemed threatened at times by defensiveness in some of the earlier volumes. Listed as # 763 in TJCAB


Reference: 11.
Name: Malone, , Dumas, with Anne Freudenberg.
Publication: Malone and Jefferson: The Biographer and the Sage .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University of Virginia Library,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 28.
Notes: An interview between Malone and Freudenberg conducted shortly after Malone had published the final volume of his Jefferson and His Time . Discusses the beginnings of Malone's interest in TJ, his biographical methods and principles, and his assessment of TJ's character.


Reference: 12.
Name: Matthews, , Richard Kevin.
Title: "The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson: An Alternative Interpretation."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation. University of Toronto,
Date: 1981.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 4570-A.
Notes: Contends that, partly in response to his awareness of the economic and political inequality of Europe, TJ argues for the right of every individual not to be denied access to the means of labor. Because he conceives of man as dynamic, evolving being who is naturally both social and moral, he consciously attempts to construct a political system, eg. his ward republics, that will allow for maximum citizen participation. TJ is qualitatively different from Madison and presents the outlines for a democratic-socialistic alternative to the present market ideology. Published in revised version as The Radical Politics of Thomas Jefferson (1984), for which see below.


Reference: 13.
Name: Mayo, , Bernard.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and His Unknown Brother .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of Virginia,
Date: 1981.
Pages: viii, 59.
Notes: Expanded edition of earlier title (see # 810 in TJCAB ) containing letters exchanged between TJ and his brother Randolph and description of their relationship by Mayo; useful additions by James A. Bear, Jr.


Reference: 14.
Name: Peterson, , Merrill D.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and the Beginnings of American Citizenship .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 13.
Notes: Independence Day Address, July 4, 1981. Celebrating "the miracle of American citizenship" at the traditional naturalization ceremonies held at Monticello. Argues that for TJ the right of all persons to choose their own citizenship was an essential meaning of the American Revolution. Links this belief to his allegiance to principles of "constituent sovereignty." Notes his inclusion of the right of expatriation in his proposed laws for Virginia and also his mistake in excluding some from possible citizenship because of race.


Reference: 15.
Name: Rushing, , Dorothy Marie.
Title: "Attitudes and Actions of the First Six Presidents of the United States Concerning Higher Education."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Texas,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 337.

Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 4740-A.
Notes: Finds TJ and the other presidents shared many beliefs while disagreeing on some aspects of higher education. Concludes that higher education today serves the purpose of educating a democratic citizenry which these men envisioned, although the educational problems they faced still persist to some extent. Standard facts and no ground-breaking opinions.


Reference: 16.
Name: Tucker, , David.
Title: "Jefferson's
Publication: Notes on the State of Virginia ."


Publication: Ph.D dissertation. Claremont Graduate School,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 335.

Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 1287-A.
Notes: Focuses on the structure of the book, arguing that it reveals the political motives behind the composition. TJ considered the political implications of nature and human nature in their universal aspect and their particular American manifestations. His vision of an enlightened republic was paradoxically related to an understanding of the Enlightenment as presented by Locke and to an understanding of republicanism as presented by Montesquieu.


Reference: 17.
Name: Vaughan, , Joseph Lee and Omer Allen Gianniny, Jr.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson's Rotunda Restored 1973-1976 .
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher: University Press of Virginia,
Date: 1981.
Pages: xxi, 170.
Notes: Introduction by Frederick D. Nichols; on TJ's original concept, Stanford White's reconstruction, and the modern restoration. Generously illustrated. Previously cited, TJCAB , # 3373.


Reference: 18.
Name: Yates, , Bernice-Marie.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson at Home: Monticello, Style and Structure .
City: [n.p.]:
Publisher: The author,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 36, [1].
Notes: Describes the building of Monticello, influenced architecturally by "Andrew Palladio," Roman antiquities, and French domestic architecture. Nothing new.

B. Essays and book chapters.


Reference: 19.
Name: Appleby, , Joyce O.
Title: "The Changing Prospect of the Family Farm in the Early National Period."

Publication: Working Papers for the Regional Economic History Research Center
Volume: 4
Date: (no. 3, 1981) ,
Pages: 1-25.
Notes: Discusses the growth of American agriculture in the early national period and situates TJ's espousal of natural rights and limited government in the context of the favorable prospects during this period for family farms, at least in this country rather than in Great Britain. Commentary by Diane E. Lindstrom on 61-69.


Reference: 20.
Name: Boller, , Paul.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson--1801-1809"
in
Publication: Presidential Anecdotes .
City: New York:
Publisher: Oxford University Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 34-44.
Notes: Brief discussion of the impact of anecdotes on TJ's public reputation, followed by several anecdotes illustrating various of his attributed virtues.


Reference: 21.
Name: Cheatham, , Edgar and Patricia.
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Virginia."

Publication: Travel/Holiday
Volume: 156
Date: (July, 1981) ,
Pages: 28-33.
Notes: Advice for tourists to Williamsburg, Richmond, and Charlottesville who wish to pursue Jeffersonian associations as they sightsee and dine.


Reference: 22.
Name: Childress, , Mark.
Title: "The Idea that Jefferson Built."

Publication: Southern Living
Volume: 16
Date: (September, 1981) ,
Pages: 36-39.
Notes: Illustrated account of TJ's plan for the University of Virginia.


Reference: 23.
Name: Crackel, , Theodore J.
Title: "The Founding of West Point: Jefferson and the Politics of Security."

Publication: Armed Forces and Society
Volume: 7
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 529-43.
Notes: Argues that TJ's founding of West Point needs to be understood in the context of his efforts to create and safeguard a new, republican regime. TJ hoped to use the Academy to break up the upperclass monopoly of education.


Reference: 24.
Name: Cunliffe, , Marcus.
Title: "`The Earth Belongs to the Living': Thomas Jefferson and the Limits of Inheritance"
in
Publication: Forms and Functions of History in American Literature: Essays in Honor of Ursula Brumm , ed. Winfried Fluck, Jurgen Peper, and Willi Paul Adams.
City: Berlin:
Publisher: Erich Schmidt Verlag,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 56-70.
Notes: Interesting, if a bit meandering, discussion of TJ's seeming indifference to the past. Points out difficulties with his formulation of a principle of historical discontinuity, difficulties Madison promptly showed him in 1789, and in fact, TJ had a serious interest in the literary, architectural, biological and historical past. His interest was selective, however, sometimes showing "the instincts of an antiquary for whom the past was a rich miscellany of marvels and mysteries." But if he maintained a conservative view of the Revolution as rescuing ancient rights from the Norman yoke, he insisted that the best moments of the history of man were yet in the future.


Reference: 25.
Name: Cunningham, , Noble E. , Jr.
Title: "Presidential Leadership, Political Parties, and the Congressional Caucus, 1800-1824"
in
Publication: The American Constitutional System under Strong and Weak Parties , ed. Patricia Bonomi, James Macgregor Burns, and Austin Ranney.
City: New York: Praeger Publishers,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 1-20.
Notes: Summarizes TJ's relations with Congress (see the author's Process of Government Under Jefferson , TJCAB #1524, for a full account) and points out that he was less restrained by Congress than were his successors, Madison and Monroe, because he owed little if anything to the party caucus. Claims that a strong Republican party was a key factor in the success of TJ's leadership, and his role as head of the party give him leverage Washington and Adams lacked. Madison did not have TJ's skill as a party leader, and Monroe distrusted parties; in their administrations the Republican party declined as a force.


Reference: 26.
Name: Davis, , Robert R., Jr.
Title: "Pell-Mell: Jefferson's Etiquette and Protocol."

Publication: Historian
Volume: 43
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 509-29.
Notes: TJ's republicanizing of diplomatic etiquette was modified after 1804 when he realized that he might have pushed Anthony Merry and the Marquis Yrujo to the brink of conspiracy with Burr.


Reference: 27.
Name: Derr, , Thomas S.
Title: "The First Amendment as a Guide to Church-State Relations: Theological Illusions, Cultural Fantasies, and Legal Practicalities"
in
Publication: Church, State, and Politics , ed. Jaye B. Hensel.
City: Washington, D.C.:
Publisher: Roscoe Pound-American Trial Lawyers Foundation,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 75-91.
Notes: Contends that "Jefferson's theoretical substructure for his own conception of the separation of church and state was a foundation of sand." TJ's deism was marked by a belief in the natural goodness of rational man which ignores the frequency of human selfishness. This individualist optimism encourages the belief that individual moralism was enough to guarantee social health, but the churches traditionally had argued that religion had to create a transformed society through corporate action. His belief in the core of religion as morality alone falsely assumes that all churches will understand moral issues in the same light, whereas they have often criticized each other and the state on the basis of what they take to be the the essential moral code. Finally, his belief in the automatic social utility of religion subverts the churches' understanding of themselves as prophetic voices by co-opting them to the view of the state. By fostering a civil religion, the state dangerously exaggerates its own importance. The present time calls for the legal practice of the First Amendment without its original deist philosophy. A challenging essay that does, however, assume the value of prophetic religion and dismiss TJ's anti-clericalism without sufficient consideration.


Reference: 28.
Name: Dewey, , Frank L.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and a Williamsburg Scandal."

Publication: VMHB
Volume: 89
Date: (1981) . 44-63.
Notes: Examines TJ's legal services on behalf of Dr. James Blair of Williamsburg who was threatened with a suit by his wife for separate maintenance. TJ drew up notes on the possibility of obtaining a bill of divorce from the General Assembly. Describes the scandal arising from the Blairs' charges and counter charges; he was impotent, she had committed adultery with the governor, etc.


Reference: 29.
Name: Doerr, , Edd.
Title: "Billings v. Jefferson."

Publication: Humanist
Volume: 41
Date: (July/August, 1981) ,
Pages: 51-52.
Notes: Criticizes speech made at University of Virginia by Robert Billings calling for tax support for religious schools. Imagines TJ returning to life in order to rebuke Billings for lowering the wall of separation.


Reference: 30.
Name: Hardesty. , Kathleen.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Thought of the Encyclopedie ."

Publication: Laurels .
Volume: 52
Date: (Spring 1981) ,
Pages: 19-31.
Notes: Claims that the explanation for shared ideas with French thinkers lies in shared sources, the ancients, Newton, Bolingbroke, etc. Both TJ and the Encyclopedists supported a "provisional scepticism," a belief in the order of nature, and a belief in progress. Their philosophical considerations were based on a notion of man as naturally virtuous and thus able to govern himself, rightfully and by right.


Reference: 31.
Name: Harnsberger, , Douglas.
Title: "`In Delorme's Manner.'"

Publication: APT Bulletin
Volume: 13
Date: (November 1981) ,
Pages: 2-8.
Notes: A 1981 x-ray probe of the Monticello dome has revealed that it was constructed after the method of Philibert Delorme, a sixteenth-century French architect, a method also used in the Halle des Bleds in Paris. This technique involved laminating short sections of wood to make continuous structural ribs for vaults and domes. TJ substituted wrought iron nails, probably of his own manufacture, for Delorme's pegs and tenons.


Reference: 32.
Name: Hoeveler, , J. David, Jr.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the American `Provincial' Mind."

Publication: Modern Age
Volume: 25
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 271-80.
Notes: Claims that TJ may have valued Scottish Enlightenment philosophers such as Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid for their defense of provincial culture and values in the face of a conflicting cosmopolitan culture. Describes provincial culture as marked by an emphasis on republican, moral, and sentimental bonds between people and an attachment to the local scene. TJ's differences with Hamilton can thus be understood in terms of his fear of the replacement of provincial bonds of closeness with "the impersonal cash-nexus of the modern banking and commercial systems." Does not overlook TJ's considerable attraction to cosmopolitan culture, but argues that he is at the same time the best example of the sensitive provincial.


Reference: 33.
Name: Israel, , John and Steven H. Hochman.
Title: "Discovering Jefferson in the People's Republic of China."

Publication: Virginia Quarterly Review
Volume: 57
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 401-19.
Notes: Three short essays on Chinese visitors to the University of Virginia since 1976, on the life and work of Liu Zuochang, "China's sole Jefferson expert," and on a comparison of TJ and Chairman Mao. Hochman's discussion of Liu (see below) faults certain omissions such as TJ's concern for a bill of rights and his being to some extent captive of some Marxist cliches, but he finds the essay impressive overall for its perceptiveness about TJ, its grasp of scholarship, and its fresh point of view. Israel points out the affinities and relevance of TJ for Chinese critics of the regime who must be able to perceive what can not be expressly articulated about him in accounts originating in the communist context.


Reference: 34.
Name: Jaffa, , Harry V.
Title: "Inventing the Past: Garry Wills's Inventing America and the Pathology of Ideological Scholarship."

Publication: St. Johns Review
Volume: 33
Date: (Autumn, 1981) ,
Pages: 3-19.
Notes: Somewhat convoluted and occasionally cantankerous critique of Wills's attempt to distance TJ from Locke. Argues for regarding the Declaration as the originating document of the U.S. with the force of law, and tellingly refutes Wills's claim that TJ had Hutcheson rather than Locke in mind for key passages of the Declaration. Reprinted in
Publication: American Conservatism and the American Founding .
City: Durham, NC:
Publisher: Carolina Academic Press,
Date: 1984.
Pages: 76-109.


Reference: 35.
Name: Jordan, , Winthrop D.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Self and Society"
in
Publication: Our Selves/Our Past , ed. Robert J. Brugger.
City: Baltimore:
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 118-40.
Notes: Excerpt without additional comment from Jordan's White over Black , listed in TJCAB .


Reference: 36.
Name: Kalckhoff, , Andreas.
Title: "Jefferson lebt fort!"
1774-1779: Fünf Jahre die dem späteren Präsidenten der USA zur Berühmtheit verhaffen."
Publication: Damals: Zeitschrift für geschichtliches Wissen
Volume: 13
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 403-20.
Notes: Biographical sketch, focusing on years around the Declaration. Conventional admiration.


Reference: 37.
Name: Kammen, , Michael.
Title: "Echoes and Reverberations: Reflections on the Language of Politics and Patterns of Political Literature in Revolutionary and Republican America"
in
Publication: Literature and Society: The Lawrence Henry Gipson Symposium , ed. Jan Fergus.
City: Bethlehem, PA:
Publisher: Lawrence Henry Gipson Institute,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 15-32.
Notes: Examines the "climate of opinion" surrounding a number of well-known quotations (and one or two not so well-known ones) from TJ's writing in order to show that literary skill can have an effect on public affairs, that it is not limited to texts self-consciously defined as "literary," and that it is often a matter of timing more than of skill. Suggests that the dominant metaphors of TJ and his contemporaries often refer, not unsurprisingly, to agriculture and nature whereas those of the following century were shaped, first, by the concerns of evangelical Protestantism and, later, by the images of machinery and energy. TJ's appeal to "the harmonizing sentiments of the age" can help us to understand "national tradition."


Reference: 38.
Name: Klingelhofer, , Herbert E.
Title: "`Abolish the Navy.'"

Publication: Manuscripts
Volume: 33
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 277-84.
Notes: On the context of TJ's letter of September 17, 1802 to Robert Smith on the sailing of the John Adams to the Mediterranean as part of the force against the Barbary pirates. He held up its departure briefly in order to evaluate the latest news from the region.


Reference: 39.
Name: Leighton, , Ann.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson as a Gardener: The Third President of the United States."

Publication: Country Life (Great Britain).
Volume: 170
Date: (1981),
Pages: 1556-58.
Notes: Sketch of TJ's interests in gardening, botany, and landscape architecture.


Reference: 40.
Name: Lewis, , Monte Ross.
Title: "Chickasaw Removal: Betrayal of the Beloved Warriors, 1794-1844."

Publication: Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Texas,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 298.

Publication: DAI
Volume: 42
Date: (1981),
Pages: 4906-A.
Notes: Chapter two covers TJ's policies toward the Chickasaw nation while he was president. Eventual removal of the Chickasaw to Indian Territory was made possible by TJ's reversal of Washington's policy of guaranteeing the integrity of their homeland.


Reference: 41.
Name: Liu Cho-chang.
Title: "The Democratic Thought of Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Chinese Studies in History .
Volume: 14
Date: (no. 3, 1981) ,
Pages: 3-37.
Notes: Introduction by John Israel (see above). Survey of positive and negative aspects of TJ's thought by China's foremost Jefferson scholar. Translated from first appearance in
Publication: Li-shih yen-chiu
Volume: 4
Date: (August 15, 1980) ,
Pages: 149-64.
Sees TJ as a founder of the "democratic tradition of America's bourgeoisie," but values him for his theories of natural rights, his articulation of the people's right to revolution, and his praise for the people's "spirit of resistance." Criticizes his agrarian desires to avoid the contradictions of capitalism as a "fantastic, backward-looking illusion."


Reference: 42.
Name: Meier, , H. A.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and a Democratic Technology"
in
Publication: Technology in America: A History of Individuals and Ideas , ed. Carroll W. Pursell, Jr.
City: Cambridge:
Publisher: MIT Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 17-33.
Notes: Good brief survey of TJ's interests in technology, emphasizing his desire to encourage practical applications of science, especially to "domestic objects." Discusses his opinions on patents and his management of the patent system. Only 67 patents were granted while he oversaw the system, partly because of his suspicion of monopoly and his high standards for a patentable innovation.


Reference: 43.
Name: Meschutt, , David.
Title: "Gilbert Stuart's Portraits of Jefferson."

Publication: American Art Journal
Volume: 13
Date: (Winter 1981) ,
Pages: 2-16.
Notes: Gilbert Stuart painted TJ from life in Philadelphia in 1800 and twice in Washington in 1805. His "devious and sometimes fraudulent business practices" have clouded the history of the portraits. Stuart never delivered the 1800 painting to TJ, and what happened to it is unknown. He used the second portrait to make the half length portrait commissioned by James Bowdoin and then apparently sold the original to Madison. Argues that stylistic evidence supports the conclusion that the portrait TJ was finally able to pry loose from Stuart, the so-called Edgehill portrait, was not the original but a copy made about 1821. The version of this painting found by Orland Campbell seems not to be by Stuart at all; see TJCAB #2652 for Campbell's argument which is here rejected. The third portrait was the so-called "Medallion Profile" done in crayon and gouache; this was delivered to TJ shortly after it was completed in 1805. Previously listed as #3090 in TJCAB


Reference: 44.
Name: Morse, , Genevieve Forbes.
Title: "Captain Jack Jouett."

Publication: Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine
Volume: 115
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 700-703.
Notes: The usual retelling of the ride to warn TJ about the British raid of 1781.


Reference: 45.
Name: Pole, , J. R.
Title: "Enlightenment and the Politics of American Nature"
in
Publication: The Enlightenment in National Context , ed. Roy Porter and Mikulas Teich.
City: Cambridge UK:
Publisher: Cambridge University Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 192-214.
Notes: Overview of the Enlightened America organized around the figure of TJ, who "stands as the most complete and fully representative American of the Enlightenment" and also "epitomises the distinctively political aspects ... of the Enlightenment in America." Discusses political theory, scientific activity, education, slavery, and moral theory. Relies largely on recent studies by May, Commager, Wills, and White. Offers a tentative apology for TJ's opinions of blacks but claims Garry Wills has overstated a similar position. Suggests that Morton White's discussion of self-evident truths should be extended; argues that after 1776 TJ sought to widen the traditional narrow basis for the availability of self-evident truths by means of encouraging education. "To democratize epistemology is a decisive step towards democratizing society."


Reference: 46.
Name: Redenius, , Charles.
Title: "The Struggle for Equality to 1789"
in
Publication: The American Ideal of Equality from Jefferson's Declaration to the Burger Court .
City: Port Washington, NY:
Publisher: Kennikat Press,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 8-24.
Notes: Describes TJ as the great articulator of the ideal of equality which has exerted a continuing power on later generations, beyond his own understanding of the ideal in some cases. Claims that because he was abroad in 1787, of the "triad of ideas" that have dominated American political thought only property and liberty gained a full hearing. Hamilton succeeded in linking liberty to property at the expense of TJ's connection of equality and liberty. "Whereas Jefferson had struck `property' from Locke's phrase, Hamilton not only restored it, he also elevated it to a position of preeminence." Hardly a new point and made by simplifying both TJ and Hamilton.


Reference: 47.
Name: Ritcheson, , Charles R.
Title: "The Fragile Memory: Thomas Jefferson at the Court of George III."

Publication: Eighteenth-Century Life
Volume: 6
Date: (no. 2-3) . 1-16.
Notes: Nothing out of the ordinary happened. TJ's account in his "Autobiography" of George III's "ungracious" attitude at a levee in 1786 was inaccurately remembered and highly colored by his hatred for the King. The detail about George turning his back on TJ and Adams was added by C. F. Adams in the 1850's.


Reference: 48.
Name: Ritcheson, , Charles R.
Title: "The Fragile Memory: What Really Happened When Thomas Jefferson Met George III."

Publication: American Heritage .
Volume: 33
Date: (December, 1981) . 72-77.
Notes: Essentially the same as the previous item, without scholarly apparatus.


Reference: 49.
Name: Rodrigues, , Leda Boechat.
Title: "Jose Joaquim da Maia e Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Revista do Instituto Historico e Geographico Brasiliero
Volume: 333
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 53-70.
Notes: Describes interaction between TJ and da Maia, a Brazilian medical student at the University of Montpellier and would-be revolutionary who used the pseudonym "Vendek." TJ was particularly interested in da Maia's information about Brazilian social and natural history, and he expressed polite moral support for a Brazilian revolution even as he pointed out that the U. S. wished to have friendly relations with Portugal.


Reference: 50.
Name: Royster, , Charles.
Title: "A Battle of Memoirs: Light-Horse Harry Lee and Thomas Jefferson."

Publication: Virginia Cavalcade .
Volume: 31
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 112-27.
Notes: Motivated partly by injured self-esteem, partly by Federalist political principles, Lee's Memoirs of the War (1812) attacked TJ's government of Virginia. This memoir, as well as Marshall's Life of Washington , prompted his concern over the possibilities of a dominant "tory" history of the revolution. To answer Lee, TJ encouraged William Johnson, biographer of Nathanael Greene, and Louis Girardin, completer of John Daly Burk's History of Virginia ; he complimented Johnson for refuting "Lee's military fable." Claims that TJ upheld his reputation as governor in part to safeguard the republicanism of the Revolution against the demands of Federalists such as Lee and Marshall for strong government and leaders with coercive authority. While modern scholars have vindicated TJ as a diligent governor and administrator, TJ and his contemporaries focused on the institution of the governorship but on questions of personal conduct and moral character. Thus, above all he had to face the questions raised by his flight from Tarleton`s raiding party and had to clarify the difference between personal courage and military competence.


Reference: 51.
Name: Sanoff, , Alvin. P.
Title: "Washington, Jefferson, Adams: Out of Their Depth Today?"

Publication: U.S. News & World Report
Volume: 91
Date: (July 6, 1981) ,
Pages: 44-45.
Notes: A conversation with Dumas Malone, who suggests that TJ and John Adams would feel ill at ease in contemporary America because of its size, complexity, and commercialization.


Reference: 52.
Name: Severens, , Kenneth.
Title: "Washington and Jefferson: Architects of the American Republic"
in
Publication: Southern Architecture: 350 Years of Distinctive American Buildings .
City: New York:
Publisher: E. P. Dutton,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 80-96.
Notes: Discusses Monticello early and late, the Virginia Capitol, and the planning of Washington, D.C. Makes the usual points.


Reference: 53.
Name: Spivak, , Burton.
Title: "Republican Dreams and National Interest: The Jeffersonians and American Foreign Policy."

Publication: Society for the History of American Foreign Relations Newsletter
Volume: 12
Date: (no. 2, 1981) . 1-21.
Notes: Emphasizes TJ's Anglophobia and his rejection of politics based on commercial enterprise. The Jeffersonians' foreign policy failed in part because of their refusal to recognize the legitimacy of some British demands and their insistence that American self-interest was incompatible with a republican community.


Reference: 54.
Name: Stiebing, , William H. , Jr.
Title: "Who First Excavated Stratigraphically?"

Publication: Biblical Archaeology Review
Volume: 7
Date: (January/ February 1981) ,
Pages: 52-53.
Notes: Briefly discusses method and significance of TJ's excavation of an Indian mound. #3309 in TJCAB .


Reference: 55.
Name: Szasz, , Paul. C.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson Conceives an International Organization."

Publication: American Journal of International Law
Volume: 75
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 138-40.
Notes: Comment on TJ's 1786 plan for concerted action by the US and European powers against the Barbary Pirates.


Reference: 56.
Name: Taylor, , John M.
Title: "Adams and Jefferson in the Middle East."

Publication: Manuscripts
Volume: 33
Date: (1981) .
Pages: 237-40.
Notes: Notes that both TJ and Adams negotiated with agents of the Barbary states in the fall of 1785 and claims both came to favor naval construction and a hard line policy. Discusses letter of instructions to John Lamb, who was being sent to negotiate with the Algerians; letter was countersigned in London by both Adams and TJ (on October 11, 1785).


Reference: 57.
Name: Vial, , Fernand.
Title: "La culture française de Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: Mélanges Auguste Viatte .
City: Paris:
Publisher: Académie des Sciences d'Outre-Mer,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 49-57.
Notes: Describes TJ's citations in his Commonplace Book from French authors, particularly Montesquieu, and notes the large number of books by French authors in his library. Slight piece for a festschrift.


Reference: 58.
Name: Wainwright, , Loudon.
Title: "A Lifetime with Mr. Jefferson."

Publication: Life
Volume: 4
Date: (August, 1981) ,
Pages: 7.

Publication:
Notes: Interview with Dumas Malone, discussing his work on TJ.


Reference: 59.
Name: Walker, , Warren S.
Title: "Cooper's Yorkers and Yankees in the Jeffersonian Garden"
in
Publication: James Fenimore Cooper His Country and His Art: Papers from the 1980 Conference at State University College of New York Oneonta and Cooperstown , ed. George A. Test.
City: Oneonta:
Publisher: n.p.,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 71-80.
Notes: By 1830 Cooper had overcome his initial Federalist reservations about TJ and came to admire him. He became an ardent advocate of Jeffersonian democracy which felt was threatened by the spread of Yankee emigrants to the West.


Reference: 60.
Name: West, , Susan.
Title: "Jefferson as Scientist."

Publication: Science News .
Volume: 119
Date: (May 9, 1981) ,
Pages: 298-99.
Notes: Coinciding with a Smithsonian exhibit on the topic, offers a brief sketch of TJ's scientific interests.


Reference: 61.
Name: Wilcox, , R. Peter.
Title: "Monticello: An Early American Prototype for Solar Architecture"
in
Publication: Proceedings of the Sixth National Passive Solar Conference .
City: Newark, DE:
Publisher: International National Solar Energy Society,
Date: 1981.
Pages: 860-64.
Notes: Discusses briefly TJ's use of siting, thermal mass in Monticello's structure, shutters, and glazing as ways to manipulate solar energy in order to heat or cool his house.


Reference: 62.
Name: Williams, , M. G.
Title: "Sir William Petty, Thomas Jefferson, and the Down Survey: A Fresh Perspective on the U. S. Public Land System."

Publication: Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 41
Date: (March, 1981) ,
Pages: 77-81.
Notes: Suggests the importance of Petty's 1656 Down Survey of Ireland as a formative influence on TJ and the American land system. It was notable for its rational subdivision of land (although not in rectangular pieces) and for its public deed registry, features of TJ's 1784 proposal for the Northwest Territories. TJ owned both Petty's Survey of Ireland and his Political Arithmetic , which also seems to have been influential.


Reference: 63.
Name: Wilson, , Douglas.
Title: "The American Agricola: Jefferson's Agrarianism and the Classical Tradition."

Publication: South Atlantic Quarterly
Volume: 80
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 339-54.
Notes: Important discussion of the classical influences on TJ's agrarian ideal. TJ knew that he was not describing the inclinations of many of his fellow citizens, who farmed not for virtue but cash, and his comments on Notes and elsewhere on agriculture as a way of life voice a moral preference rather than a fully accurate description of American rural life. Roman writers were more important for him than Greek, especially Horace and, above all, Virgil. Rejects Leo Marx's description of the pastoral element in TJ as "a case of mistaken identity," and astutely points to the importance of Virgil's Georgics rather than the Eclogues for TJ. The georgic mode was not a literary fantasy for him but was connected to the real connections he witnessed between industriousness, virtue, and self-reliance. Previously listed as #2495 in TJCAB .


Reference: 64.
Name: Wright, , Esmond.
Title: "The Great Little Madison: Father of the Constitution."

Publication: Proceedings of the British Academy
Volume: 67
Date: (1981) ,
Pages: 227-47.
Notes: Raises the question, "was he a mere imitator, as he was certainly an admirer, of Thomas Jefferson?" but does not pursue it closely enough but does defend Madison from the charge. A conventional portrait of Madison, peripheral to TJ, although cited in some indexes.