Chapter 9: A. Books and monographs, 1988.
Reference: 459.
Name: Baridon,
, Michel and Bernard Chevignard, eds.
Publication: Voyage et tourisme en bourgogne à
l'époque de Jefferson:
Travelling through Burgundy in the age of
Jefferson .
City: Dijon:
Publisher: Éditions universitaires de Dijon.
Publications de L'Université de Bourgogne
Volume: LXVI.
Pages: 157.
Notes: Collected papers from a conference held to commemorate the
two hundredth anniversary
of TJ's tour
through Burgundy and the south of France; relevant essays, focusing on
TJ's travels in Burgundy,
his interest in
food, wine and other aspects of French culture, are individually annotated
below.
Reference: 460.
Name: Bober,
, Natalie.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson: Man on a Mountain
.
City: New York:
Publisher: Atheneum,
1988.
Pages: xii, 274.
Notes: Juvenile biography intended for teenagers. Thoroughly
researched, but marred, perhaps,
by an overly
adulatory portrayal, a tendency to ascribe possible feelings to TJ as if they
were fact, and
somewhat misjudged
attempts to familiarize him as "Tom." Discusses the Sally Hemings
controversy, but claims it
was Peter Carr who
"developed a deep and lasting emotional involvement" with Sally and
fathered all her children.
Reference: 461.
Name: Caldwell,
, Lynton K.
Publication: The Administrative Theories of Hamilton and Jefferson:
Their Contributions to
Thought on Public
Administration .
City: New York:
Publisher: Holmes &
Meier,
Date:
1988.
Pages: xxiii, 244.
Notes: Second edition of work originally published in 1944
( TJCAB #1466> ). Adds a new introduction, arguing for the
continuing relevance of TJ
and Hamilton as
standards by which to judge the practice of government. Text otherwise
unchanged from first
edition.
Reference: 462.
Name: Fisher,
, Leonard Everett.
Publication: Monticello .
City: New York:
Publisher: Holiday
House,
Date:
1988.
Pages: n.p.
Notes: Juvenile. Describes the planning, construction, and occupancy
of TJ's dream home.
Illustrated with
photographs and drawings by the author.
Reference: 463.
Name: Gabriel,
, Robin H.
, Dorsey Bodeman, and Ronald Kirby.
Publication: The Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson: A Lesson Unit
.
City: Charlottesville
VA:
Publisher: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation,
Date:
1988.
Pages:
105.
Notes: Plans for 12 lessons on TJ, with more attention paid as one
might expect to his private
life at Monticello
than to his public life. Includes materials for discussing the life of the slaves
at Monticello in
addition to that of the
white residents, and also includes a variety of games and activities for
students. Well thought
out, appropriate for
teachers of elementary schools.
Reference: 464.
Name: Kramer,
, Lloyd S. , ed.
Publication: Paine and Jefferson on Liberty .
City:
New
York:
Publisher:
Ungar,
Date: 1988.
Pages: xiv, 144.
Notes: Editor's introduction suggests Paine and TJ were
"the most influential interpreters of the new American conception of
liberty" because they went beyond the particular American circumstances.
Reprints
Summary View , the Declaration, First Inaugural Address,
the Bill for Religious Freedom,
and letters to
Madison and Paine.
Reference: 465.
Name: Mayer,
, David Nicholas.
Title: "The Constitutional Thought of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation. University of Virginia,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 772.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 50
Date: (1990) ,
Pages: 3036-A.
Notes: Analyzes TJ's constitutional thinking in terms of "Whig," and
"republican" categories;
these in turn
correspond to his beliefs that constitutions were useful primarily to limit
government power, that
government power
should be divided into distinct spheres and branches, and that ultimately
government was
accountable to the
majority will of the people.
Reference: 466.
Name: McLaughlin,
, Jack.
Publication: Jefferson and Monticello: The Biography of a Builder
.
City: New
York:
Publisher: Henry Holt.
Pages: viii,
481.
Notes: Arguing that TJ's house mirrored himself, claims that
"Monticello is the man, and the house is a living testimony to the truth, `I
am what I build.'"
This leads to an
excellent account of TJ's life at Monticello and forcibly reminds us of the
degree to which
Monticello was always a
house in process. TJ did not complete the distinctive porticoes until 1823,
by which time
sections finished years
earlier were already beginning to fall into serious disrepair. The image of
a white, shining house
we behold today is
a myth. The attempt to read TJ's life out of his house does seem, however,
to open itself up to
some questionable
psychologizing; it is difficult, for example, to see why TJ's cramped
staircases are necessarily
"deeply symbolic of
its owner's difficulties with free access and disclosure."
Reference: 467.
Name: Miller,
, Charles A.
Publication: Jefferson and Nature: An Interpretation
.
City: Baltimore:
Publisher: Johns
Hopkins Univ. Press.
Pages: xii, 300.
Notes: Claims
Jefferson deployed `nature' not as a bright thread that led through his
intellectual universe but as
an unpatterned
fabric that enveloped it." Explores TJ's various usage of "nature" and
"natural" in an attempt to
give a systematic
grounding to his ideas and values. Distinguishes between physical nature
and human nature,
examines the natural
basis of his moral and aesthetic ideas as well as of his political and
economic concepts, and
concludes with a
discussion of his "Life with Nature." This is an interesting notion which
often is suggestive or
informative, but
finally it reveals the potential weakness of the thematic approach as
inherently reductive. This is
particularly true in
the pages on TJ's aesthetic ideas which do not make adequate use of recent
scholarship in this
area. On the whole,
however, the book offers a useful if somewhat conventional account of an
extremely important
element of
Jefferson's
mentalité
Reference: 468.
Name: Howell
, Wilbur Samuel
Publication: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Second Series:
Jefferson's Parliamentary
Writings .
ed. Wilbur Samuel Howell, with introduction.
City: Princeton:
Publisher: Princeton University Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: xxix, 454.
Notes: Contains TJ's Parliamentary Pocket-Book and his Manual
of Parliamentary
Practice written while he
was Vice-president of the U.S. and consequently presiding officer of the
Senate. Provides a
useful chronology of
TJ's parliamentary readings and annotations and a thorough annotation of
the texts.
Reference: 469.
Name: Peterson,
, Merrill D.
and Vaughan, Robert C., eds.
Publication: The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom: Its Evolution
and Consequences in
American
History .
City: New York:
Publisher:
Cambridge University
Press,
Date:
1988.
Pages: xviii, 373.
Notes: Papers from a symposium held to celebrate the two-hundredth
anniversary of the
Virginia Statute for
Religious Freedom. Papers pertaining to TJ listed separately below by
author.
Reference: 470.
Name: Selby,
, John E.
Publication: The Revolution in Virginia, 1775-1783
.
City: Charlottesville:
Publisher:
University Press of Virginia,
Date: 1988.
Pages: xii, 442.
Notes: TJ discussed passim . Focus is on military
campaigns and the difficulties of
supporting the Virginia
war effort, but offers useful and illuminating material on TJ's years as a
war governor of Virginia
and his earlier
efforts to new-model the Virginia legal code.
Reference: 471.
Name: Sloan,
, Herbert E.
Title: "Principle and Interest: Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of
Debt."
Publication: Ph.D.
dissertation. Columbia
University,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 552.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 51
Date: (1990) ,
Pages: 979-A.
Notes: Examines TJ's obsession with public and private debt in terms
of his own situation as a
long term, heavily
indebted Virginia planter as well as in terms of the context of his republican
thought. Claims
that by exploring the
relationship between TJ's plight as a private debtor and his adamant
opposition to public debt we
can clarify TJ's
contributions to the development of republican doctrine in the U.S.
Reference: 472.
Name: Smith,
, Kathie B.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson .
City: New York:
Publisher: Julian
Messner,
Date: 1988.
Pages: [24].
Notes: Juvenile, illustrated by James Seward. For readers in primary
grades, and like most
books for this age group
no mention of troubling issues such as slavery, etc.
Reference: 473.
Name: Stefoff,
, Rebecca.
Publication: Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States
.
City: Ada
OK:
Publisher: Garrett Educational Corporation,
Date:
1988.
Pages: vi,
122.
Notes: Juvenile, for readers in grades 4-7 approximately. Faces up to
difficult questions and
gives good accounts
of complex events, at least for a younger audience.
Reference: 474.
Name: Weaver,
, Jeanne Moore.
Title: "Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson: Two American
Philosophes
Compared."
Publication: Ph.D.
dissertation. Auburn University,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 829.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 50
Date: (1990) ,
Pages: 2625-A.
Notes: Compares TJ and Franklin as exemplars of Enlightenment ideals
and "confirms the
common assessment of
Franklin and Jefferson as extraordinarily gifted and enlightened men." Finds
TJ preferable as the
better embodiment
of the principles of the Enlightenment because of his "greater generosity,
idealism, and
integrity."
B. Essays and book chapters.
Reference: 475.
Name: Baridon,
, Michel.
Title: "Les méthodes d'observation de Jefferson"
in
Publication: Voyage et Tourisme en Bourgogne , ed.
Baridon et Chevignard
(see above). 117-30.
Notes: Suggestive meditation on TJ's notes taken during his tour
through France as more
interesting for the way in
which they show us how to think and write than for the information they
offer on France in 1787.
Argues that TJ's
method of observation and attitude toward the usefulness of particular facts
is grounded in the
Empiricism of Locke
and Boyle, but under the influence of French thinkers and experience his
understanding is
evolving toward that of
the
ideologues such as Destutt de Tracy, even toward the
positivism of the nineteenth
century. His journals of
1787 reveal the "humanisme scientifique" which simultaneously grounds
him in an older
scientific tradition of the
Enlightenment and suggests a more skeptical awareness of human fallibility
which characterized
important French
thinkers after the Terror. In French.
Reference: 476.
Name: Blodgett,
, Bonnie, and D.
J. Tice.
Title: "The Architect of Democracy: Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: At Home With the Presidents .
City:
Woodstock
NY:
Publisher: Overlook
Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 31-40.
Notes: Illustrated sketch of TJ at Monticello. Coffee table.
Reference: 477.
Name: Boller,
, Paul F., Jr.
Title: "Martha Jefferson (1749-1782)"
in
Publication: Presidential Wives .
City: New York:
Publisher: Oxford
University
Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 31-35.
Notes: Sketch of TJ's wife and their relationship.
Reference: 478.
Name: Brietzke,
, Paul H.
Title: "The Constitutionalization of Antitrust: Jefferson, Madison,
Hamilton, and Thomas C.
Arthur."
Publication: Valparaiso University Law Review
Volume: 22
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 275-330.
Notes: Argues against Arthur that once the politics of antitrust are
taken into account the
constitutionalizing of
antitrust becomes desirable and inevitable. Antitrust law has resulted in part
from an attempt to
adapt Hamiltonian
means for Jeffersonian ends. Peripheral to TJ.
Reference: 479.
Name: Brooks,
, Colette.
Title: "Notes on American Mythology."
Publication: Partisan Review
Volume: 55
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 309-21.
Notes: Claims that "the foremost American icon ... must be considered
the map," and considers TJ as the archetypal explorer of this
mode of perception in
Notes, "a willful mix of science and art, practicality
emboldened by, infused with,
vision." Uses this
supposed Jeffersonian vision as a frame to discuss a larger vision of
American culture as
experimental,
technological, and, sometimes, catastrophic. Impressionistic.
Reference: 480.
Name: Buckley,
, Thomas E. , S.J.
Title: "The Political Theology of Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
,
ed. Peterson and Vaughan
(see above).
Pages: 75-108.
Notes: Argues that TJ's stance toward freedom of religion was
theological in the sense of
Bernard Lonergan's
understanding of theology as that which mediates between religion and
culture. The beliefs he
shared with his
fellow Americans included a sense of common beginnings oriented toward
the achievement of
liberty, an insistence
on natural rights derived from a creator, and acknowledgement of a divine
Providence overseeing
the American
experiment. Suggests that TJ's theological foundations for religious freedom
had universal
implications; in fact, "he
made religion in America the paradigm for politics." Religious freedom had
to extend to all, it
had to admit a
pluralism that included non-believers, and it had to allow the free exercise
of conscience and
rational inquiry. Holds
that in the presidency TJ did not remove religion from public discourse, and
identifies his
religion as ultimately that
civil religion described by scholars such as Sidney Mead and Robert Bellah.
Reference: 481.
Name: Carson,
, David A.
Title: "Quiddism and the Reluctant Candidacy of James Monroe in the
Election of
1808."
Publication: Mid-America
Volume: 70
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 78-89.
Notes: John Randolph's attempts to enlist James Monroe in his
struggles against Madison and
TJ were inadvertently encouraged by TJ's perceived slights of Monroe, but
a timely explanation by TJ
helped avert Monroe's throwing himself in with the Quids.
Reference: 482.
Name: Chevignard,
, Bernard.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson et Dijon: une rencontre manquée"
in
Publication: Voyage et Tourisme en Bourgogne , ed.
Baridon et Chevignard
(see above).
Pages: 17-28.
Notes: Notes TJ's desire to preserve his anonymity on his tour through
southern France and his
interest in
agricultural questions as factors that may have led to his failure to observe
or take part in all that
Dijon had to offer.
He not only bypassed a chance to visit Buffon in nearby Montbard, he also
passed by the
factories of Montcenis,
and while Dijon at the end of the eighteenth century was the center of a
brilliant and erudite
society, TJ seems to
have met only the valet he took on there. Describes the cultural and social
life of Dijon,
including the large number
of English inhabitants and visitors. In French.
Reference: 483.
Name: Choppin de Janvry,
, Olivier.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson au désert de Retz"
in
Publication: Voyage et Tourisme en Bourgogne , ed.
Baridon et Chevignard
(see above).
Pages: 141-55.
Notes: Describes what TJ would have seen at the Désert de
Retz when he visited it in
the company of Maria
Cosway. Notes the emotional power of the memories associated with
Cosway and then
comments on later
architectural projects of TJ which reflected his memories of the trip to the
Forest of Marly and
environs. Suggests
TJ was particularly taken by the floor plan of the rez-de-chaussée
of the "ruined column"
which used oval rooms to
fill out a round structure. TJ proposed similar plans for renovations at the
Hôtel de
Langeac, the first Washington
Capitol, and the Rotunda. He may also have been influenced by the variety
of architectural and
landscape
embellishments of the estate. In French.
Reference: 484.
Name: Church,
, F. Forrester.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Bible"
in
Publication: The Bible and Bibles in America ,
ed. Ernest S. Frerichs.
City: Atlanta:
Publisher:
Scholars Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages:
145-61.
Notes: Account of the genesis of TJ's Life and Morals of Jesus
. Well-informed, but
written before the
publication of the Papers edition of Jefferson's Extracts
from the Gospels (1983)
which makes this
essay secondary.
Reference: 485.
Name: Dasenbrock,
, Reed Way.
Title: "Jefferson and/or Adams: A Shifting Mirror for Mussolini in the
Middle Cantos."
Publication: ELH
Volume: 55
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 505-26.
Notes: Suggests that readers of Pound need to distinguish between the
representation of TJ in
the early Cantos and
his representation in the middle Cantos and in
Jefferson and/or Mussolini . Pound first portrays TJ as "an
Italian Renaisssance prince in
the context of
revolutionary America." The parallel to Sigismondo Malatesta presents TJ
less in terms of the
then accepted liberal,
Lockean paradigm than in terms of J. G. A. Pocock's later argument for
understanding him in the
context of a civic
humanist tradition descending from Machiavelli. Analyzes Machiavellian
qualities of Pound's
portrait of TJ. As
Pound in the later 1930's became more doubtful about the power of
humanist virtue to sustain
government, he
shifted his focus from TJ to John Adams. Good essay on this subject.
Reference: 486.
Name: Dietze,
, Gottfried.
Title: "The Americanization of the Mind."
Publication: Modern Age
Volume: 32
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 21-27.
Notes: Claims that the key to the assertion that the closing of the
American mind as described
by Allen Bloom is an
aspect of the Americanization of the mind lies with TJ, whose liberal ideas
were countered by a
hedonistic libertine
practice. His substitution of "the pursuit of happiness" for the Lockean
"property" let this
hedonism get out of hand.
Grump, grump, grump.
Reference: 487.
Name: Dunlap,
, Leslie W.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, 1797-1801"
in
Publication: Our Vice-Presidents and Second Ladies
.
City: Metuchen
NJ:
Publisher:
Scarecrow Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages:
9-17.
Notes:
Sketch, nothing new.
Reference: 488.
Name: Fink,
, Beatrice.
Title: "Jefferson's Palatable Pleasures"
in
Publication: Voyage et Tourisme en Bourgogne ,
ed. Baridon et Chevignard
(see above).
Pages: 131-40.
Notes: Discusses TJ's interests in food and wine, noting his efforts to
introduce olive trees to
America, his
consistent interest in extending the range of comestible possibilities, and his
use of the dinner
table as a site for
conversation and social bonding. TJ supposedly became aware of
possibilities for the latter
during his years in
France.
Reference: 489.
Name: Hatzenbuehler,
, Ronald L.
Title: "`Refreshing the Tree of Liberty with the Blood of Patriots and
Tyrants':
Thomas
Jefferson and the Origins of
the U.S. Constitution"
in
Publication: Essays on Liberty and Federalism: The Shaping of the
U.S.
Constitution ,
ed. David E. Narrett and Joyce S. Goldberg.
City: College Station:
Publisher: Texas A & M University Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages:
88-104.
Notes: Rejects the notion that TJ's response to the Constitution
reflected his experience in
France and argues
instead that it was conditioned by his deeply felt biases concerning the
conduct of politics in the
United States and,
more specifically, his response to Shays's Rebellion. A thoughtful
examination of TJ's
correspondence about
Shays's Rebellion reveals a fairly consistent concern that overreaction to the
disturbances would
lead to a dangerous
strengthening of centralized authority. He saw the rebellion as peculiar to
Massachusetts,
statistically insignificant,
and a proof of the inherent stability
(and not instability) of the American republic; the strong executive of the
Constitution seemed a
panicky response to
the insurrection. On the other hand, he saw Louis XVI in positive terms
during the same period
and showed little
sympathy for the bread riots of 1789 in Paris; he separated American and
French politics and
warned Virginians not
to let this "little rebellion" trick them into trading away their liberty.
Reference: 490.
Name: Hatzenbuehler,
, Ronald L.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: Popular Images of American Presidents
,
ed. William C. Spragens.
City:
Westport CT:
Publisher:
Greenwood Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 27-45.
Notes: Examines contradictory aspects of TJ from his writings about
freedom and liberty to his
handling of the
presidency. Contends that he should be understood in the context of the
Virginia gentry, and that
so long as the
tensions between localism and national integration remain unresolved in the
U.S., TJ will
continue to be difficult to
comprehend in any simple sense.
Reference: 491.
Name: Healey,
, Robert M.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's `Wall': Absolute or Serpentine?"
Publication: Journal of Church and State
Volume: 30
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 441-62.
Notes: Detailed study of Supreme Court decisions which used TJ's
figure of speech reveals the
shifting attitudes
toward it and toward the proper relation between the state and churches.
Faults Justice William
Rehnquist for bad
logic and bad history in his attempts to undermine the notion of TJ's
authority as a founder even
as he paradoxically
calls upon it to support the contention that there is a close connection
between religious life and
life of the civil
community. Well informed essay, well reasoned.
Reference: 492.
Name: Holton,
, Gerald.
Title: "Jefferson, Science, and National Destiny"
in
Publication: America in Theory ,
ed. Leslie Berlowitz, Dennis Donoghue, and
Louis Menand.
City: New
York:
Publisher: Oxford,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 149-62.
Notes: Argues for TJ's "good understanding of the heart of the
scientific method," pioneering a
style of research
neither purely Newtonian or Baconian. Locating the center of research in
an uncharted scientific
area that also at
the center of a social problem, his scientific style was neither simply
discipline oriented nor
problem driven.
Suggests his support for Western exploration, particularly the Lewis and
Clark expedition is a
case in point, and
claims that TJ's scientific style is relevant for scientific policy in late
twentieth-century America.
Reference: 493.
Name: Anonymous
Title: "Independence: Thomas Jefferson/L'independenza: Thomas
Jefferson."
Publication: Abitare
Volume: #266
Date: (July/August, 1988) ,
Pages: 100-09, 238.
Notes: Account of TJ done as a
pastiche of bits from his writings and popular secondary
sources. In Italian and
English. Illustrated with photographs by Antonia Mulas.
Reference: 494.
Name: Joyner,
, Louis.
Title: "Monticello, Eloquently Jefferson."
Publication: Southern Living
Volume: 23
Date: (September, 1988) ,
Pages: 62-69.
Notes: Sketch of TJ at Monticello played off against a melodramatic
account of his years in
France at the onset of
the Revolution.
Reference: 495.
Name: Kenner,
, Hugh.
Title: "Mr. All-of-it: Thomas Jefferson's version of the economy."
Publication: Art and Antiques .
Date: February,
1988.
Pages:
96.
Notes: On ingenuity at Monticello. Celebrates TJ's mastery of an art
that "was the bringing to
bear of human
intelligence on whatever needed doing, triumphant when it hid its own
traces."
Reference: 496.
Name: Lawson-Peebles,
, Robert.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Spacious Field of Imagination"
in
Publication: Landscape and Written Expression in Revolutionary
America: The World Turned
Upside
Down .
City: Cambridge UK:
Publisher:
Cambridge University
Press,
Date:
1988.
Pages: 165-95.
Notes: Examines TJ's declining belief in the function of the imagination
in terms of his response
to landscape.
Early writings, as in the defense of fiction in the letter describing Robert
Skipwith's possible
library, suggest a trust
in the imagination as "superior to the confinements of real life," but already
implicit in the
famous descriptions of
Notes is a desire to limit imaginary spatial expansion within
categories of usefulness and
textuality. If his
experience of the sublime is directed through a text, so his experience of
the powerful landscapes
is framed within
the conventions of the picturesque. His preferences for aerial views, his
insistence on gridwork
maps and plans, and
his desire for his exploring parties to "fix" the terrain in a web of
observations and facts points to
his desire for an
"imperial text" which will fix and preserve the landscape. A valuable essay.
Reference: 497.
Name: Lea,
, James F.
Title: "Celebrating Two Hundred Years of the Constitution: The
Madison/Jefferson
Legacy."
Publication: Midwest Quarterly
Volume: 29
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 308-20.
Notes: Argues that if we were truly heirs of TJ at the time of the
bicentennial, we would
critically assess, question,
and explore the constitutional system. We seem to be Madisonians,
however, and are thus more
inclined to
celebrate federal systems despite some obvious imperfections. Only
peripherally about TJ.
Reference: 498.
Name: Lessay,
, Jean.
Title: "Un ambassadeur très francophile Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Pages d'Ecritures.
Volume: 2
Date: (no. 18, 1988) ,
Pages: 8-10.
Notes: Conventional discussion of TJ's life in France; claims he is "un
très grand
`bourgeois de gauche'."
Reference: 499.
Name: Liebman,
, Rosanna.
Title: "A Genteel Lesson in Urban Sprawl: Recent Additions to the
University of Virginia
Campus."
Publication: Architecture
Volume: 77
Date: (February, 1988) ,
Pages: 56-61.
Notes: Updates Carleton Knight's article of 1985 (see above) by
describing four new buildings
which remain
faithful to the spirit of TJ.
Reference: 500.
Name: Little,
, David.
Title: "Religion and Civil Virtue in America: Jefferson's Statute
Reconsidered"
in
Publication: The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
, ed. Peterson and
Vaughan
(see above).
Pages:
237-56.
Notes: Looks at the claims of Ronald Reagan, William J. Bennett, and
Richard John Neuhaus,
among others, that
there is a necessary connection between religion and civic virtue, and
allows that one can find
support for such a
position in TJ's writings. Points out, however, that there is also a very
different and competing
theme, more closely
associated with the Virginia Statute, which denies any necessary relation
between civil virtue and
religion. On this
basis a just political order may not presuppose a set of commonly held
religious beliefs but must
respect "serious
religious inquiry, reflection, encounter, and exchange." Coming within this
area of respect are
expressions of non-Christian and even non-theistic belief, but at the same
time claims a
continuity between Roger Williams, TJ, and
Madison which "presupposes a doctrine of the human person that could not
be surrendered
without surrendering the
entire frame of reference from which our basic civil institutions gain their
meaning."
Reference: 501.
Name: Manicas,
, Peter T.
Title: "The Foreclosure of Democracy in America."
Publication: History of Political Thought
Volume: 9
Date: (Spring, 1988) ,
Pages: 137-60.
Notes: Toward the end of trying to show that the US Constitution,
"which was by no means a
historical
inevitability, became an instrument for a version of democracy which at the
same time foreclosed
the necessary
conditions for far more democratic forms," contends that TJ's role in
promoting the shift in the
denotation of
"democracy" has not been well understood. Claims he was "decisive in
promoting a critical, and
ideologically
useful, confusion" between understanding the new government as a
democracy rather than as the
balanced republic
of John Adams, but that because at his accession to the presidency nothing
changed regarding the
Constitutional
arrangement, his later recognition of the people's loss of control over the
organs of their
government came too late.
Thoughtful critique of the roots of "the alienated politics of the modern
state," although perhaps
too abstractly
considered.
Reference: 502.
Name: Marty,
, Martin.
Title: "The Virginia Statute Two Hundred Years Later"
in
Publication: The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
, ed. Peterson and
Vaughan
(see above).
Pages: 1-22.
Notes: Contends that the statute lies behind the First Amendment and
has thus indirectly
acquired national legal
status. Critiques of Supreme Court decisions affirming TJ's wall of
separation are variously
concerned to break the
connection between the Statute and the First Amendment, to argue that TJ
was inconsistent or
not serious about
church-state separation, to criticize his understanding of religion, and to
attack his defence of
toleration as a type of
secular humanist religion itself. Good review of some contemporary
maneuvers to reinstate
government support or
condoning of certain religious practices; suggests that they have gained
some ground in part
because of unexamined
assumptions in TJ's own notions about religion.
Reference: 503.
Name: McCarthy,
, Finbarr.
Title: "A Rage for Order: The Ideological Implications of Form in
Early Southern
Writing."
Publication: Ph.D.
dissertation. Tulane University,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 343.
Publication: DAI
Volume: 49
Date: (1989),
Pages: 3725-A.
Notes: In the section discussing TJ's Notes argues that he
favors an educated agricultural
society in order to
absorb social change and that he believes society is the product of
interaction between the
authorizing individual
and the social group.
Reference: 504.
Name: McDonald,
, Forrest and Ellen Shapiro McDonald.
Title: "The Presidencies of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson"
in
Requiem: Variations on Eighteenth-Century Themes .
City: Lawrence:
Publisher: University Press of Kansas,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 165-81.
Notes: Points out two aspects of the presidency, the
administrative/executive side and the
symbolic/ceremonial
function. Washington provided a "half-way between monarchy and
republicanism" by his
role-playing of the
presidency, but TJ completed the transition by humanizing the presidency
and symbolizing not
the Union but the
people. Argues that TJ's hands-off style of administration worked because
of the force of his
intellect, character,
and personality, but it would not and did not work for presidents who were
not him. Notes that
the experience of
the presidency affected TJ and Washington in similar ways, particularly in
regard to their final
terms which were
marked by internal squabbling, presidential self-confidence to the point of
arrogance, and a turn
from domestic
reforms to foreign policy.
Reference: 505.
Name: McLendon,
, Will L.
Title: "Jefferson voyageur et ses envoyés en Bourgogne"
in
Publication: Voyage et Tourisme en Bourgogne , ed.
Baridon et Chevignard
(see above). 47-60.
Notes: Describes TJ as a traveller with a practical bent, emphasizing
his interest in the wines of
Burgundy and
commenting on his meeting with Parent, his wine dealer in Beaune.
Discusses his epistolary
retracing of his
footsteps the year following his own journey when William Short travelled
with John and Lucy
Paradise as far as
the Chateau de Laye and reported back to him. In French.
Reference: 506.
Name: O'Connor,
, Thomas F.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Reading List: The Classics and the
Development of the `Whole'
Man."
Publication: Chronicle of Higher Education
Volume: 34
Date: (February 3, 1988) ,
Pages: A48.
Notes: Discusses TJ's letter of August 19, 1787, to Peter Carr,
outlining a course of classical
reading. The author
has devised a course with TJ's advice in mind in order to enable himself
and his students "to
consider the classics in
a new way," as sources of pleasure, utility, and taste and as encouragement
"to fix us in the
principles and practices
of virtue."
Reference: 507.
Name: O'Toole,
, Daniel E.
and James Marshall.
Title: "Citizen Participation Through Budgeting."
Publication: The Bureaucrat
Volume: 17
Date: (Summer, 1988) ,
Pages: 51-55.
Notes: TJ's advocacy of active participation by informed citizens as a
way to control and limit
government outlines
an ideal for citizen participation in government now. Important means are
"performance
auditing" and other
"inputs" into budgetary decisions.
Reference: 508.
Name: O'Toole,
, Tom, and Joanne O'Toole.
Title: "Jefferson's Grand Design."
Publication: Cleveland Magazine
Volume: 17
Date: (September, 1988) ,
Pages: 59-60.
Notes:
Travel note for would be visitors to Monticello.
Reference: 509.
Name: Pangle,
, Thomas L.
Q
Title: "The Eclipse of the Intellectual Virtues"
and "The New
Meaning of the Active
Virtues" in
Publication: The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision
of the American Founders
and the
Philosophy of Locke .
City: Chicago:
Publisher: University of Chicago
Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 74-111.
Notes: TJ discussed in passing throughout this volume
(and more specifically in these chapters) in the context of its larger
argument that the political
theory informing the
American founding has been variously misunderstood by scholars influenced
by Marxian or
Weberian views and
also by proponents of the central influence of "classical republicanism."
Asserts the importance
of Locke, the
values of liberty, personal security, property, and prosperity. The first of
the above noted
chapters considers TJ's
ideas on education and religion as part of a movement away from the
classical tradition of
valuing virtue for its own
sake toward a more utilitarian and social conception. The second discusses
his attitudes about
agriculture and
commerce, concluding that despite his perception of the moral dangers of
the commercial spirit,
TJ shares with other
founders a belief in "an ever more prosperous, growth-oriented economy."
Thoughtful, if
sometimes inclined to
attack straw figures and to insist problematically on the autonomy of theory.
Reference: 510.
Name: Peden,
, William.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: The Man as Reflected in His Account
Books."
Publication: Virginia Quarterly Review
Volume: 64
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 686-94.
Notes: Discusses the various ways in which TJ's account books and
pocket diaries give insight
into the private man
so rarely glimpsed. Cites interesting examples which mostly increase our
anticipation for the
promised publication
of the account books in the
Papers edition.
Reference: 511.
Name: Peterson,
, Merrill D.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, the Founders, and Constitutional Change"
in
Publication: The American Founding: Essays on the Formation of the
Constitution ,
ed. J. Jackson
Barlow, Leonard W. Levy, and Ken Masugi.
City: New York:
Publisher: Greenwood Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 275-94.
Notes: After pointing to the basic notion of the "consent of the
governed," contends that the idea
of orderly
constitutional change was an American invention in the age of the
democratic revolution and
broke sharply with
both classical republican and Lockean theory. TJ opposed constitutional
change by way of
construction or
interpretation by either executive or judicial branches because of the
absence of express popular
consent to such
changes
(not for him Madison's "tacit assent"). He favored instead popular
conventions to amend the
constitution in order to
suit the needs of each generation; attractive as his openness to formal
constitutional change by
the people is,
however, in today's fragmented society, where there is little consensus of
belief or even
consciousness of first
principles, the classic constitution may be the surest authority we can
possess.
Reference: 512.
Name: Peterson,
, Merrill D.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution."
Publication: Tocqueville Review
Volume: 9
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 15-25.
Notes: Argues that TJ fully understood the world wide implications of
the American Revolution
after he went to
France; he moved from rejection of the European political scene to support
of the French
Revolution. When
Napoleon betrayed the promise of the Revolution, as he thought, America
became the
incarnation of the democratic
ideal which Tocqueville rediscovered a generation later. The impact of the
French Revolution on
TJ and on
American politics exposes limitations of both the consensus historians, to
whom "the revolution
is simply irrelevant
to America," and to the ideological historians who trace the descent of civic
humanism, the whig
tradition, etc., thus
providing no category for the revolution.
Reference: 513.
Name: Pocock,
, J.
G. A.
Title: "Religious Freedom and the Desacralization of Politics: From the
English Civil Wars to
the Virginia
Statute"
in
Publication: The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
, ed. Peterson and
Vaughan
(see above).
Pages: 43-73.
Notes: Describes a tradition from the time of the English Civil War
which progressively
"desacralized" politics by
reasserting the Augustinian separation of the city of God from the earthly
city. At the same time
it tended,
especially under the influence of Locke, toward a redefinition of "religion
as the holding of
opinions, religious
experience as the formation of opinions, and religious freedom as the
freedom to hold, form, and
profess opinions
concerning the operations, attributes, and even the existence of God." This
view of religion was
aimed at both
dogmatic priesthood and sectarian enthusiasm, but "historical accidents" of
the 1770-s and 1780's
led TJ and
Madison to direct the Virginia Statute against priesthood only. They went
beyond mere
toleration, along with
Richard Price and Joseph Priestley, to define religion as free inquiry into
the constitution of the
universe.
Reference: 514.
Name: Reck,
, Andrew. J.
Title: "Heart and Head: The Mind of Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: Doctrine and Experience: Essays in American Philosophy
,
ed.
Vincent G. Potter.
City: New
York:
Publisher: Fordham University Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 22-47.
Notes: Survey of TJ's intellectual range and accomplishments. Uses the
famous Heart and Head
letter to Maria
Cosway as a means to present both TJ's allegiance to moral sense theory
as well as to
Epicureanism and, in larger
terms, his commitment to limitations upon theory posed by life as it must
be lived in actual
nature and society. Sees
TJ's belief in equality and in a natural aristocracy as paradoxical, and
claims that he understood
equality in the
Declaration as human equality "in respect to their having been created by
God," a problematic
interpretation if one
wishes to read the Declaration in the context of a discourse of natural
rights.
Reference: 515.
Name: Rorty,
, Richard.
Title: "The Priority of Democracy to Philosophy"
in
Publication: The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
, ed. Peterson and
Vaughan
(see above).
Pages: 257-82.
Notes: Describes TJ's assumption that a moral faculty common to
theists and atheists sufficed
for civic virtue as
setting the tone for American liberal politics. Two sides of this position
appear, an absolutist
claim that every
human has the beliefs necessary for civic virtue and a pragmatic claim that
when a person's
conscience entertains
beliefs indefensible in the face of beliefs common to fellow citizens, that
person's beliefs must be
sacrificed "on the
altar of public expediency." The discrediting of the rationalist justification
of this Enlightenment
compromise has
polarized liberal social theory, but a third position has also emerged under
the label of
"communitarianism,"
presented by Alasdair MacIntyre, Michael Sandel, Charles Taylor, and
others. Argues against
the communitarians
that liberal democracy can get along without philosophical presuppositions,
but admits that
communitarians like
Taylor have a point in conceiving of the self as constituted by the
community. This view
comports well with liberal
democracy, even if it is not as important as the communitarians think to
have such a view.
Looks at the philosophy
of John Rawls in some detail, linking it to Jeffersonian antecedents but
distinguishing it from
TJ's assumption that
the moral law needed a "foundation." TJ, John Dewey, and Rawls become
successive voices for
an American
experiment whose end is "the disenchantment of the world." Focused on
contemporary
philosophical arguments,
but indirectly enlightening about TJ, who is discussed only peripherally.
Also appears in
German as
Title: "Der Vorrang
der Demokratie vor der Philosophie."
Publication: Zeitschrift fur Philosophische Forschung
Volume: 42
Date: (January-March, 1988) ,
Pages: 3-17.
Reference: 516.
Name: Rubenstein,
, Stan.
Title: "Jefferson and Liberty"
in
Publication: Land and Freedom: Twenty Lessons for High School
American Studies Classroom
Instruction .
City: New York:
Publisher:
Robert Schalkenbach
Foundation/Henry George
School,
Date: 1988.
Notes: Not seen. A self-contained lesson, suggesting "a theme, a
sub-theme, background,
concepts, performance
objectives, and related texts." Also has a lesson on the Louisiana Purchase.
Reference: 517.
Name: Shuffelton,
, Frank.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: Book of Days 1988 .
City: Ann
Arbor:
Publisher: Pierian
Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 211-213.
Notes: Entry for April 13; resource guide for those who might wish to
note the day of TJ's birth.
Reference: 518.
Name: Shuffelton,
, Frank.
Title: "Travelling in the Republic of Letters"
in
Publication: Voyage et Tourisme en Bourgogne , ed.
Baridon et Chevignard
(see above).
Pages: 1-16.
Notes: Discusses TJ's trip through Burgundy and southern France in
the early spring of 1787 as
the tour of a citizen
of the republic of letters. Puts the journey and his letters written on the
road in the context of
Notes on the State of Virginia , and contends that TJ the
traveller discovered that facts
often had
simultaneous scientific, historical, aesthetic, and political significance.
Reference: 519.
Name: Simpson,
, Lewis P.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Writing of the South"
in
Publication: The Columbia Literary History of the United States
,
ed. Emory
Elliott.
City: New York:
Publisher:
Columbia Univ. Press,
Date: 1988.
Pages: 127-35.
Notes: Presents the context of TJ's writing as the peculiar phenomenon
of the Southern republic
of letters made
possible by the institution of slavery. TJ made Monticello "a climactic
expression of the
equation in the Southern
planting society--especially in the Virginian version of this society--of land,
slaves, and mind."
Argues that
Notes places TJ in the company of the great minds of the
eighteenth century, even while
it also implies
doubt both in the mind's capacity to incorporate existence and in the
validity of the mind's
conception of itself as the
instrument of reason.
Reference: 520.
Name: Stein,
, Susan R.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Traveling Desks."
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 133
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 1156-59.
Notes: Describes TJ's various traveling desks, or lap desks, with useful
illustrations.
Reference: 521.
Name: Strout,
, Cushing.
Title: "Jeffersonian Religious Liberty and American Pluralism"
in
Publication: The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
, ed. Peterson and
Vaughan
(see above).
Pages: 201-36.
Notes: Discusses the legacy of TJ's Statute and his opinions on
religious freedom, pointing out
that the Virginia
Statute was a local act and not a national one and that it is not identical with
the First
Amendment. The
nationalization of TJ's Statute, nevertheless, reflects major changes in the
American people as
they have become a
progressively more pluralistic body. The greater radicalism of the Statute
(as compared to the
First Amendment)
was bound to cause controversy, but it was also crucial for a
"post-Protestant" era.
Reference: 522.
Name: Tauber,
, Gisela.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Relationships with Women."
Publication: American Imago
Volume: 45
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 431-47.
Notes: Attempts to construct "a kind of composite design" for TJ's
mother by examining his
relationships with five
women. Claims TJ developed a pattern of attaching himself to women who
needed consolation,
occasionally even
leaving them in order to revive their urge for seeking consolation. TJ was
supposedly
unconsciously repeating in
masochist fashion early scenes of trauma and consolation between himself
and his mother.
Unfortunately, the
relationships described are largely hypothetical (e.g. Mrs. George Wythe,
Mrs. Walker, etc.) and
the ones about
which more is known, such as with Mrs. Cosway fit the author's
description less well. Some
items asserted as fact
are at best dubious; still, a sometimes suggestive essay despite its many
problems.
Reference: 523.
Name: Upton,
, Dell.
Title: "New Views of the Virginian Landscape."
Publication: Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
Volume: 96
Date: (1988) ,
Pages: 403-70.
Notes: Offers a narrative and critical overview of work on Virginia
architectural history done
since the early 1970s,
a period which has seen radically new approaches and conclusions. 451-57
cover TJ. Criticizes
the
"exceptionalist" tendency of much scholarship on TJ's architecture, which
views it out of context
and views TJ as an
isolated, abstracted figure. Calls for studies of Monticello as a typical large
Virginia plantation
of the early national
period, putting the architecture in its social, economic, and political
context. Suggests TJ was
less a mentor of the
first generation of professional architects in America than he was their
patron and fan.
Informative essay.
Reference: 524.
Name: Urofsky,
, Melvin I.
Title: "Adams, Jefferson, and the Courts"
in
Publication: A March of Liberty: A Constitutional History of the
United States .
City: New
York:
Publisher: Alfred A. Knopf,
Date:
1988.
Pages:
171-97.
Notes: Straightforward account of TJ's role in events important to the
development of the
constitutional
understanding such as the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, the response
to the Judiciary Act
of 1801, the
constitutional questions brought up by the Louisiana Purchase, the
impeachment of Samuel
Chase, and the trial of
Aaron Burr. Based on standard sources.
Reference: 525.
Name: Webking,
, Robert H.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
in
Publication: The American Revolution and the Politics of Liberty
.
City: Baton
Rouge:
Publisher: Louisiana State University Press,
Date:
1988.
Pages: 92-109.
Notes: Describes TJ's political thought as contained in the
Summary View and the Declaration. Notes that
Summary View is the first major work by an American
political thinker of the period to
concentrate upon the
King and not merely on Parliament. Makes the usual point about the
Declaration's "harmonizing
sentiments" and
emphasizes its basis in natural rights and individual self-interest rather than
in larger social
concerns. A rather
conventional and conservative portrayal of TJ as an unthreatening political
thinker.
Reference: 526.
Name: Will,
, George F.
Title: "Gorbachev, Meet Jefferson."
Publication: Newsweek
Volume: 112
Date: (December 19, 1988) ,
Pages: 76.
Notes: "Jefferson's message, not Robespierre's or Marx's, is the one
reverberating today." On
the failure of
Marxism, not about TJ.
Reference: 527.
Name: Wills,
, Garry.
Title: "Adams Stalking Jefferson."
Publication: Grand Street
Volume: 7
Date: (Summer, 1988) . 140-53.
Notes: An insightful essay exploring Henry Adams's quest for the
"meaning" of TJ, a meaning
ultimately found in
TJ's profound ironies and in Adams's own humor.
Reference: 528.
Name: Wilson,
, Douglas L.
Title: "The Fate of Jefferson's Farmer."
Publication: North Dakota Quarterly
Volume: 56
Date: (Fall, 1988) ,
Pages: 23-34.
Notes: A thoughtful essay which answers the question of what
happened to TJ's agrarian ideal
by arguing that
while it at first seemed to fit American conditions, it ultimately had "little
appeal as a practical
goal for a nation of
restless achievers." It survived as an ideal, however, as the Agrarian Myth,
championed in recent
years by Wendell
Berry and others, but the perils of prosperity have done in many American
farmers as they did TJ
himself.
Comments on the numerous reasons for TJ's economic failure and likens
his situation to that
recently experienced
by a number of farmers in the American Midwest.